Discourse is a concept of great international significance in linguistics and social sciences, linked to speech and cultural context, and encompassing the analysis of speech structures and cultural concepts. This article thoroughly examines the concept and essence of discourse within the framework of sociolinguistics, analyzing its history and contemporary approaches. The origin, development, and role of the term “discourse” in linguistics are explored, with comparative examples of discourse units provided in Uzbek, Russian, English, and other languages. In each section, relevant scientific ideas are supported by sociolinguistic facts and examples.

discourse, sociolinguistics, language and society, speech, text, communication, comparative linguistics, culture, semantics.

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