This article is devoted to the study of borrowed words in modern Arabic and the main causes of their emergence. The research aims to identify and analyze the linguistic, social, political, historical, and technological factors that have contributed to the expansion of lexical borrowing in the Arabic language. Special attention is given to the role of globalization, the dominance of foreign languages such as English and French, the phenomenon of diglossia, and the inconsistencies in language policy across Arab countries. The study is based on descriptive, comparative, and analytical methods, allowing for a comprehensive examination of both internal and external influences on the Arabic lexicon. In addition, the paper considers the impact of the educational system, scientific development, and historical processes, including colonial legacy, on the increasing presence of borrowed words. The findings demonstrate that lexical borrowing in modern Arabic is not merely a natural linguistic process, but rather a complex phenomenon shaped by a combination of sociocultural, political, and economic conditions. While borrowed words contribute to the enrichment of the language and facilitate the expression of new concepts, their excessive use may lead to the weakening of the functional status and identity of the Arabic language.

borrowed words, lexical borrowing, modern Arabic language, globalization, language contact, diglossia, language policy, foreign language influence, sociolinguistic factors, technological development, linguistic change, Arabic terminology.

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