This article discusses the modern Arabic language, its development in the era of globalization, the increasing competition around it, the hybrid language formed as a result of mixing English words and terms with Arabic words and its threat to the future of the Arabic language, and the work being done to restore the original Arabic language.

Arabic’s diglossic system - where Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) coexists with regional colloquial dialects - appears in a particularly dynamic form in Egypt. Here Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA) dominates everyday communication, while MSA remains the official language of formal domains. This situation has led to the emergence of Simplified Modern Standard Arabic (SMSA), a hybrid register that combines features of MSA and ECA and is widely used in spoken media, public discourse, digital communication, and semi-formal interaction.

This study examines SMSA as a functional linguistic adaptation shaped by communicative needs and ongoing language change. Drawing on diglossia theory, Arabic sociolinguistics, and grammaticalization principles, the research argues that SMSA represents a systematic, usage-driven register rather than a deviation from standard Arabic. The analysis highlights its key syntactic tendencies - neutralization of case marking, shift to fixed SVO order, reduction of verbal morphology, and preference for parataxis - which are largely driven by audience diversity, cognitive economy, and the growing influence of broadcast and digital media., cognitive economy, and the normative influence of broadcast and digital media.

This research is dedicated to determining the genre characteristics of Ziyovuddin Makkiy Khorazmiy’s work “Kifayatu-n-nahv fi ilmi-l-e’rāb.” Through a comparative analysis with Mahmud Zamakhshariy’s “Unmuzaj” and “Mufassal,” the author demonstrates that this work is an independent scientific source. The study identifies over 50 significant differences in structure, terminology, and approaches to grammatical rules. It substantiates how the work diverges from classical commentary traditions, highlighting the author’s individual scholarly position and his place in Eastern manuscript studies. The research concludes that “Kifayatu-n-nahv” is a systematic, original grammatical treatise with its own methodology, rather than a mere commentary (sharh).

Prosody (rhyme) is one of the sciences that the teacher and learner need in the field of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. Hence this research came to define this science and show its importance, the need to teach, learn the benefits of its study, and its results for non-Arabic speakers, as well as explaining the appropriate methods of teaching it, and highlighting innovative experiences in this regard.

This article is dedicated to the work titled “Al-Jibal wal-Amkina wal-Miyah” – “Mountains, Places, and Waters” by the great scholar, eminent linguist, mufassir, and polymath Mahmud ibn Umar al-Zamakhshari. It discusses the history of the work's creation, its earliest manuscript copies, as well as its Latin-Arabic scholarly editions and the versions studied and published by Arab scholars. The article highlights the role of the work in the fields of linguistics, culture, toponymy, and lexicography, demonstrating its significance as an invaluable source in Arabic toponymy.

This article analyzes the morphological, semantic, and syntactic characteristics of kāna and its related verbs described in the Alfiyya. The study examines their influence on the subject and predicate in nominal sentences, their role in forming the nominative and accusative cases, and their place within the “nawāsiḫ” system of Arabic grammar. It also compares the views of prominent scholars, including Sibawayh and Al-Mubarrad. This research highlights the significance of the verbs known as “kāna and its sisters” in Arabic grammar.

Almost all of Alisher Navoi’s works contain traditional praises (praises to the Creator), naats (our Prophet Muhammad Mustafa, peace be upon him), as well as places dedicated to the glorification of saints and saints. A lot of work has been done in this regard. In this article, we attempted to analyze the places in Navoi’s works about Hazrat Ali ibn Abu Talib (r.a).

This article analyzes the formation and development of the modern short story genre in Kuwait during the 20th century. It discusses the history of Kuwaiti literature, the creative achievements of writers, and the evolution of the genre. Kuwaiti short story writing, which began with the publication of the story “Munira” in 1929, continued to develop from the 1940s under the influence of modernism and realism. In the 1940s–1960s, under the influence of Egyptian literature and Arab literary criticism, particular attention was paid to social issues and women’s themes. In the 1960s–1970s, writers portrayed transformations in Kuwaiti society through new methods and themes, including social reforms, attitudes toward modernization, and psychological states. In the 1980s–1990s, greater emphasis was placed on the enrichment of genre forms and imagery, as well as on the artistic analysis of social contradictions. The article also examines the synthesis of realism and romanticism in Kuwaiti short stories and highlights the emergence of new creative approaches.

The State Museum of Literature named after Alisher Navoi of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan preserves about 2,500 rare manuscripts and lithographs. In recent years, a group of our scholars has prepared catalogs of manuscripts and lithographs kept in the museum’s collection for publication and presentation to the scholarly community in Uzbek, Russian, and English. The article examines the fact that the large-scale study and publication of manuscripts, which represent outstanding examples of book art, is one of the important tasks facing researchers, and that the publication of the results of scholarly research on the scientific description of Eastern manuscripts serves as clear evidence of the incomparable contribution of our great ancestors to the development of world science and culture.

This article examines and analyzes negative constructions in Modern Arabic from a linguistic perspective. It explores the means of expressing negation in the Arabic language, as well as their grammatical and semantic features. The study also identifies current issues and promising directions for the investigation of negative constructions in contemporary Arabic linguistics.

In this article, the issue of the singular adjective that forms the subordinating conjunction in Arabic and its function, the connection with the noun, and their manifestation in the manner of speaking is discussed.

This article examines theoretical and functional approaches to classifying ḥurūf al-maʿānī in Arabic. The relevance of this study stems from the various approaches to classifying auxiliary elements, which is related to their semantic polyfunctionality, contextual variability, and dependence on syntactic position. The main approaches to classifying ḥurūf al-maʿānī are also analyzed, including morphological, grammatical (based on ʿāmil theory), and functional-semantic approaches. It is noted that traditional classifications, focused primarily on formal features and grammatical control, do not fully reflect the semantic nature of ḥurūf al-maʿānī. Therefore, a modern functional-semantic approach is substantiated, allowing for the relational nature of ḥurūf meanings, their polyvalence, and discursive determinacy. A conclusion is drawn regarding the need for a comprehensive classification that integrates formal-grammatical and functional-semantic parameters, thereby contributing to a more adequate description of the system of Arabic auxiliary elements..

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the categories of equivalence and adequacy in translation from Arabic into Uzbek. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical and practical aspects of preserving semantic invariance, reconstructing communicative function, and adequately conveying cultural components in the translation process The study examines the typological differences between Arabic and Uzbek, specifically the root-based morphological system of Arabic and the agglutinative structure of Uzbek, which necessitate the application of various translation transformations.

This article examines the role of artificial intelligence in Arabic grammar and its impact on student learning outcomes. The study explores how AI-based technologies contribute to the improvement of grammar instruction by providing adaptive learning environments, personalized feedback, and interactive educational tools. Particular attention is given to the pedagogical potential of large language models and specialized grammatical error correction systems in supporting Arabic grammar learning.

This article systematically analyzes the linguistic nature of the adverbial modifier, its semantic and syntactic features, as well as its forms of expression in Arabic grammar. Within the framework of the study, the main types of the adverbial category, their functional load in speech, and the grammatical means of their expression are examined on a scientific basis. In particular, the similarities and differences between the types of adverbial modifiers in the Uzbek language and the corresponding grammatical categories in Arabic (الحال، ظرف الزمان، ظرف المكان، مفعول لأجله وغيرها) are identified through comparative analysis. In addition, the theoretical interpretation of the adverbial modifier and its role within sentence structure are explained based on classical sources of Arabic linguistics. The results of the research demonstrate the significant role of the adverbial category in clarifying speech, enriching semantic content, and its effective application in language teaching and translation practice.

This article examines the earliest Arab perceptions of prose and its conceptual formation in pre-classical Arab thought. Special attention is given to the notion of kalām as a central linguistic and aesthetic category, divided into manẓūm (metrical speech) and manthūr (non-metrical speech). Ordinary communicative speech is interpreted as the primary form of prose, while ornamented speech represents the emergence of artistic prose. The study also analyzes the traditional Arab distinction between prose as non-metrical discourse and poetry as rhythmically and rhymed expression.

This scientific article covers in detail innovative approaches, the formation of a translator, teacher-student cooperation, biographies of Uzbek translators A. Abdujabborov, A. Hasanov, N. Ibragimov, and B. Ibragimov, the translator's scientific internship, his skills, and other issues.

This article examines the features of the expression of simile in Arabic sources. It discusses the theoretical foundations of simile, its place in classical Arabic rhetoric, and its functional significance in artistic speech. The study also analyzes various types of similes found in Arabic literary sources, focusing on their semantic and stylistic aspects through relevant examples. The research substantiates the role of simile in conveying meaning and its connection with artistic thinking.

This article presents a comparative analysis of three manuscript copies of Nasir al-Mutarrizi’s treatise Risalatun fi an-Nahw, preserved in the National Library of France under the inventory numbers Arabe 4254, Arabe 5875, and Arabe 6664. The study is conducted from the perspectives of textual criticism and manuscript studies. During the research process, the structural features of the manuscripts, writing characteristics, terminological system, and textual variations were examined. The results demonstrate that the text of the treatise has not been preserved in a fixed form but has undergone certain editorial modifications over time. The oldest manuscript, inventory number 6664, appears to be closest to the original version of the text; manuscript no. 5875 represents a more systematized scholarly version, while manuscript no. 4254 reflects a simplified instructional version. The study makes it possible to reconstruct al-Mutarrizi’s scholarly approach to the science of Arabic grammar (nahw) and to trace the development of his grammatical views.

This article provides information about the prominent Arab linguist Raḍī al-Dīn Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣaghānī, who is well known for his lexicographical works, as well as his scholarly legacy. In his treatises devoted to specific morphological patterns, al-Ṣaghānī systematically compiled rare and morphologically distinctive lexical units of the Arabic language. The scholar holds an important position not only as a linguist but also as a hadith scholar who authored valuable works in this field. While his works on hadith studies have begun to be examined by Uzbek researchers, his linguistic works remain insufficiently studied. Therefore, this article represents one of the initial attempts to explore this aspect of his scholarship.

This article analyzes the lexical-semantic features of verbs expressing psychological states in the Arabic language. The study examines the role of state verbs in Arabic, their semantic groups, their classification into positive and negative attitudinal meanings, and their grammatical characteristics. Particular attention is given to the internal semantic structure of psychological state verbs, their synonymic and antonymic relations, their combinability with prepositions, and their functional-semantic potential in speech. The research is based on descriptive, semantic, and comparative methods. As a result, Arabic verbs denoting psychological states are classified into groups expressing positive and negative attitudes, while their place in the lexical system and their grammatical features are clarified. The findings of the study contribute to the theoretical description of state verbs in Arabic linguistics and are of practical significance for comparative lexicology, semasiology, and methods of teaching Arabic.

This study aims to monitor and describe the pedagogical, technical, and administrative problems that faced the process of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers in distance learning environments. The study relied on a descriptive-analytical approach, using mixed research tools (surveys and interviews) to analyze responses from a sample of teachers and learners. Findings revealed that the most prominent obstacles lie in the weak technical competencies of teachers, the lack of interactivity in digital curricula, and the difficulty of evaluating writing and pronunciation skills. The study presents a vision for developing practices by integrating artificial intelligence technologies and blended learning.

This article discusses the first translation of A. Qodiriy’s novel “Mehrobdan Chayon” into Arabic. The study analyzes the translator’s skill in word choice during the translation process, the rendering of nationally specific words in translation, and the reproduction of Uzbek national mentality in the Arabic translation. In this regard, several актуal issues of translation studies related to these aspects are examined.

This article examines the development of Arabic children’s literature from the beginning of the 21st century to the present, focusing on its main stages and its thematic and formal characteristics. The study highlights the transformation of Arabic children’s literature from a traditional educational tool into a digital, interactive, and multimedia cultural phenomenon. Particular attention is given to the impact of globalization, digital technologies, and artificial intelligence, as well as the emergence of new themes such as ecology, peace culture, and psychological issues. The article also analyzes the views of contemporary Arab literary scholars and the works of children’s writers, demonstrating how Arabic children’s literature integrates into the global cultural space while preserving its national identity.

This article analyzes how national identity is constructed through discursive mechanisms in Arab literature, using Mahmoud Darwish’s 1964 poem “Bitaqat Huwiyya” as a case study. The central argument is that national identity in the poem appears not merely as a “cultural sentiment,” but as a political claim formed under conditions of administrative control (documents, registration, and restrictions).

The study examines the performative commands of the text, the rhetorical use of enumeration and counting, the symbolic representations of land and memory, and the interconnections and tensions between the categories of “Arabness” and “Palestinianness.” At the same time, the article evaluates competing interpretations of the poem: an essentialist reading that treats the nation as an “unchanging essence,” and an aesthetic–universalist reading that emphasizes human dignity and the demand for justice grounded in social experience.

This article examines the functional and stylistic features of neutral speech verbs used to convey information in Arabic media discourse. The study analyzes the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic characteristics of the verbs قال “to say” and ذَكَرَ “to mention”, which are widely used in mass media texts. Particular attention is given to their role in indicating information sources, distancing the author’s position, and ensuring the structural coherence of media texts. The analysis demonstrates that these verbs function as important linguistic tools for presenting information in an objective and fact-based manner in Arabic media discourse.

This article examines the interpretation of the science of badi‘ in the work “Talkhis al-Miftah” by the prominent Arab scholar Jalal al-Din al-Qazwini. The study analyzes the essence of the science of badi‘, its role within the system of Arabic rhetoric, and its significance in embellishing literary discourse. Particular attention is given to the classification of verbal and semantic rhetorical devices presented in the work and their function in enhancing the aesthetic quality of speech. Based on various examples from classical Arabic literature, the research highlights the importance of al-Qazwini’s contribution to the development of Arabic rhetoric and literary studies.

This article provides a comprehensive linguistic analysis of Turkic loanwords in the Arabic language. It examines the processes of lexical exchange that emerged as a result of historical contacts between Arabic and Turkic languages, and thoroughly explores the phonetic, morphological, and semantic adaptation features of borrowed words. In particular, the study identifies the pathways through which Turkic elements entered Arabic, their degree of preservation in dialects, and their functional role in modern usage.

The article demonstrates, with examples, how borrowed lexemes undergo phonetic changes in Arabic, specifically through the substitution of non-existent sounds with the closest available phonemes. It also analyzes how, under the influence of the Arabic root-and-pattern system, these loanwords adopt grammatical forms such as pluralization, attribution (nisba), possession, and verbalization. From a semantic perspective, the study investigates processes such as semantic expansion, narrowing, shift, and the development of expressive-emotional meanings.

The findings indicate that Turkic loanwords are actively used in Arabic, particularly in Egyptian and Levantine dialects, and have become deeply integrated into the language system. This confirms the practical validity of language contact theory, showing that such borrowings emerged under the influence of social, political, and cultural factors.

This article investigates the structural-syntactic and semantic features of phraseological units with somatic components in the Arabic language. The idioms are analyzed within five main syntactic patterns (genitive, attributive, verbal, nominal, and semi-sentence constructs), and their grammatical functions are revealed. Furthermore, the acquisition of new figurative meanings by somatic units in the language of the modern press, as well as the lexicographic problems associated with recording this process in dictionaries, are highlighted. The results of the research serve to provide a deeper understanding of Arabic phraseology from a linguacultural perspective.

This article is devoted to the structural and semantic analysis of the phraseological system of the modern Arabic literary language. The study examines the semantic integrity of stable expressions and the degree of interrelation between their constituent components based on fundamental principles of linguistic classification. Special attention is given to the classification and characteristics of Arabic phraseological units formed through idafa constructions, complex adjectival structures, and verbal combinations, as well as to their expressive potential in speech.

This article explores the methods of linguistic and semantic analysis in Mahmud al-Zamakhshari's work “Al-Faiq fi Gharib al-Hadith,” which holds a significant place in the history of Arabic lexicography. The research reveals how the scholar effectively utilized phonetic, morphological, and syntactic semantics, as well as text context and the evolution of social meaning, in interpreting rare words within hadiths. The results of the analysis demonstrate that Zamakhshari's lexicographic approaches and views on semantic transformations fully correspond to the early theoretical foundations of modern pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and cognitive semantics.

This article examines the methods of expressing the masdar in Uzbek in the process of translation. The study focuses on the ways in which the Arabic masdar is rendered into Uzbek through various grammatical means, including verbal forms, participles, gerunds, and nominal constructions. The analysis shows that the choice of expression depends on the contextual and syntactic features of the sentence. The findings indicate that there is no single universal method of expressing the masdar, and different grammatical strategies are used depending on the functional role of the masdar in the text.

The listening skill is one of the most important skills that an Uzbek student learning Arabic must master. Achieving proficiency in this skill represents the most effective pathway to learning the Arabic language. The relationship between listening and the other language skills is one of interconnection and integration; listening serves as the gateway to mastering the remaining skills. This skill is of utmost importance, as it constitutes the starting point for acquiring other language competencies. If a student successfully masters the listening skill, they will be able to acquire the rest of the language skills with ease and efficiency.

This article considers theoretical and practical approaches to the study of food names in the Arabic and Uzbek languages. The article in the linguacultural, semantic and etymological features of food names. It also studies the formation of national food names specific to both languages, their historical roots and connection with the cultural context. The article sheds light on the similarities and differences of lexical units related to Arabic and Uzbek cuisine based on a comparative analysis. The problems of the translation process of food names, in particular, the issues of expressing realities, preserving national color, and choosing adequate translation options, are also discussed. The article of the study are of significant scientific importance in the study of gastronomic terminology in the Arabic and Uzbek languages, translation theory, and linguacultural studies.

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of the Arabic language, including its phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and semantic features. The language system of Arabic, word formation, and sentence structure are presented with examples. The paper examines theoretical aspects of Arabic based on modern linguistic approaches, providing broader explanations of certain grammatical features through examples. The research results show that an in-depth study of the theoretical system of Arabic helps to effectively master the language. Exploring theoretical issues of Arabic is crucial for advancing linguistic research and improving the process of teaching the Arabic language.

This article examines the concept of emphasis markers, their place in linguistics, and their functional characteristics on the example of the Arabic language. Emphasis is considered a linguistic phenomenon that serves to strengthen the importance of an uttered idea, place special focus on certain information, and ensure the clarity and certainty of the proposition expressed in speech. The study classifies the main emphatic devices in Arabic, including inna (إنّ), lām al-tawkīd (لام التوكيد), nūn al-tawkīd (نون التوكيد), qad (قد), sa- (سـ), sawfa (سوف), innamā (إنما), oath expressions, and repetition, from grammatical and semantic perspectives. Their syntactic functions, role in strengthening meaning, and communicative-pragmatic significance are also analyzed. The findings show that emphatic devices in Arabic play an important role in determining precision, expressiveness, and semantic focus in speech.

The process of discourse analysis – regardless of its type – is fundamentally based on two main pillars: description and analysis. The former always precedes the latter, considering that description aims to uncover the elements of discourse, starting from individual structures, to minor predicative structures (the sentence), then major ones (the text), and the links that achieve harmony and coherence of these structures, guided by the subjects and meanings to which these structures refer. Therefore, this study aims to unveil the meaning of discourse and what it seeks in terms of objectives, which are referred to as discursive intentionality.

This article examines the semantic and discursive features of historical and cultural tourism terminology in the Arabic language. The study explores the linguistic nature of tourism terms, their nominative, conceptual, and pragmatic functions, as well as their role within tourism discourse. In addition, key terms related to historical, cultural, religious, archaeological, ethnographic, ethnic, anthropological, and ecological tourism are systematically analyzed, with particular attention to their semantic structure and discursive functions. The findings demonstrate that this terminology serves not only as a means of conveying information but also as a persuasive and communicative tool within tourism discourse.

Novel writing in Omani literature is currently experiencing rapid development. The confident entry of new writers into the literary field has further increased scholars’ interest in this literature. This article discusses the development of novel writing in Omani literature. The study lists the factors that have contributed to the development of this genre and also mentions the names of well-known novelists.

This article analyzes the semantic features of units related to halal tourism in the linguistic landscape of the Arabic language. The study explores the content of the concept of “halal” and its process of expansion in modern tourism discourse. The semantic field of the main units related to halal tourism, their interrelations, as well as the phenomena of polysemy and synonymy are identified. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the terminology of halal tourism possesses a multi-layered semantic system and has not yet been fully standardized.

The article is devoted to studying the layer of Arabic borrowings functioning in the terminology system of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the modern Uzbek language. The relevance of the work is determined, on the one hand, by the active development of the Uzbek segment of the global digital space and the need to systematize its terminological framework, and on the other hand, by the processes of renewed interest in Arabisms as an original layer of vocabulary within the framework of Uzbekistan’s state language policy.

This article examines the stages of development of modern Saudi novel writing, highlighting its formation, evolution, and distinctive features within the broader context of Arabic literature. The study explores the transformation of the Saudi novel from its early didactic and traditional forms to more complex and artistically mature works influenced by social, cultural, and historical changes. Particular attention is paid to the impact of modernization, globalization, and literary interaction with other Arab countries. The article also analyzes the emergence of new themes such as identity, social issues, and individual experience, as well as the growing contribution of women writers to the development of the genre. Based on selected literary works and scholarly approaches, the main stages of Saudi novelistic evolution are identified and classified.

This article analyzes some scholarly views on verb forms, tenses, and moods presented by the founders of medieval Arabic linguistics - Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi (718-790), Sibawayh (d.796), and Mahmud az-Zamakhshari (1075-1144), who made a significant contribution to the development of Arabic linguistics.

This article examines the concepts of muʿarrab, dakhil, and muwallad in Arabic linguistics, focusing on their definitions, distinctions, and areas of overlap. Based on classical sources and the views of prominent scholars such as Al-Jawaliqi, Al- Maydaniy, Ibn Durayd, Al-Suyuti, and Al-Jawhari, the study analyzes the criteria used to identify loanwords in Arabic. Special attention is given to the role of the istishhād period in determining the authenticity of lexical items. The article highlights both similarities and differences in scholars’ approaches and concludes that while muʿarrab refers to adapted foreign words integrated into Arabic structure, dakhil represents a broader category that includes all borrowed elements regardless of adaptation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the historical development of Arabic vocabulary.

A dictionary provides only a small part of the meaning, so it cannot be relied upon in the translation process. The translation process is not limited to transferring words only, but also includes transferring ideas, culture, and linguistic customs. Often, translators' reliance on bilingual dictionaries leads to a text that lacks diverse contexts, where both metaphor and figurative language play pivotal roles in determining meaning.

This article examines the image of women in the magical fairy tales of the peoples of the Arabian Peninsula, providing a description of this image and paying special attention to the role of epithets, similes, and hyperbole in the creation of female characters. By studying the distinctive features of female protagonists in Arabic magical tales, the paper offers scholarly reflections on the methods of character creation and typification. It also reveals the specific features of epithets through a comparative analysis of their use in the genres of fairy tales and sira.

This study explores Imam al-Zamakhsharī’s contribution to interpreting rare lexical items in Prophetic hadiths through his work al-Fāʾiq fī Gharīb al-Ḥadīth, one of the key compilations in this field. It focuses on his linguistic methodology, sources, and analytical tools used to uncover meanings.

The study also examines the status of this work within Arabic linguistic heritage, highlighting its integration of semantics, morphology, and syntax, supported by knowledge of Arabic dialects and cultural context. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, selected examples are analyzed to reveal his interpretive strategies and contextual reliance.

The study concludes that al-Zamakhsharī made a major scholarly contribution, and that al-Fāʾiq remains an authoritative reference for understanding Arabic vocabulary within its linguistic and cultural framework, significantly influencing linguistic studies in Arab-Islamic civilization.

This article analyzes the issue of marfuʿat (units in the nominative case), which occupies an important place in the syntactic system of the Arabic language. The study examines the main syntactic units that occur in the nominative case in Arabic, in particular, the subject (faʿil), the agent substitute (na’ib al-fa’il), the subject (mubtada’), the predicate (khabar), kana and its analogues, kada and its analogues, particles functioning as laysa, as well as grammatical units such as la nafiya li-l-jins. The theoretical foundation of the research is based on classical sources of Arabic linguistics as well as modern grammatical studies. In addition, the article examines the role of nominative units in sentence structure, their semantic and syntactic features, and their place in the grammatical system of the Arabic language using an analytical approach. The study reveals the grammatical essence of the marfu’ category in Arabic, as well as its functional significance in sentence structure and meaning expression. As a result, it is scientifically substantiated that nominative units are one of the main grammatical components forming the syntactic system of the Arabic language.

This article examines the "As-Sihah fi al-Lugha" by the great 10th-century philologist Isma'il al-Jawhari, a work that revolutionized Arabic lexicography. The study analyzes the unique "rhyme order" (qafiya) system, the author's principles of "authenticity" in word selection, and the influence of this source on Western Orientalism and Ottoman Turkish culture. Additionally, information regarding rare manuscripts of the work preserved in global libraries is provided.

This article examines the influence of Arabic literature on Persian and Turkish literature and, as a result, the positive development of mystical poetry in Uzbek literature, as well as the emergence of commentaries and interpretations of poems. Information is also provided on the literary environment during the Timurid and Shaybanid periods and the development of mystical literature in particular. For example, mystical ideas are reflected in the poetry of Ubaydi. The article also presents information on the emergence of Orientalist literary studies and the school of exegesis, as well as their positive influence on Uzbek literature.

This article analyzes the theoretical foundations, historical genesis, and linguopragmatic features of speech etiquette. It is examined as an important sociolinguistic phenomenon regulating social interactions. The study provides a comparative overview of Western, Russian, and Arabic approaches. Special attention is given to the development and modern functions of Arabic speech etiquette.

This article analyzes the introduction of Abdurahman Jami’s “Fawa’id al-Ḍiya’iyya”. The study is based on the commentaries by Muhammad Rahimi ibn al-Haj Ahmad al-Akiniy and Abd al-Ghafur Lari. The paper comparatively examines the style, grammatical structures, and terminological approaches of the glosses, as well as the lexical and technical interpretations. Key concepts such as “Hamd and Wali”, “Salawat and Salam”, and “Adab (Etiquette)” are explored from lexical, terminological, and literary perspectives. The results highlight the author’s scientific-methodological approach and demonstrate the linguistic significance of the commentaries.

The article examines the mechanisms of the formation of Internet terminology in modern Arabic through the internal word-formation potential of the language. The study analyzes morphological patterns (wazn), affixal derivation, lexicalization, conversion, and substantivization, as well as processes of semantic evolution such as terminologization, metaphorization, and the expansion and narrowing of meaning. Particular attention is paid to the problem of synonymy and the standardization of terms within the Arabic Internet segment.

This article examines the typological and genre features of the “Ayyam al-Arab” corpus within the context of the oral narrative tradition of the Arabs. The study draws on a reconstructive analytical approach that takes into account the oral nature of the traditions, their variability, and the absence of a rigidly established genre system in pre-Islamic literature. The article identifies the invariant features of the “Ayyam”, including an event-based, episodic organization, a consistent range of motifs (intertribal conflicts, blood feuds, and the struggle for resources), and the specifics of the narrative representation of collective experience. It substantiates the syncretic nature of the “Ayyam al-Arab”, combining elements of historical testimony and protoepic narrative. It demonstrates that these traditions function as a form of collective memory and socio-normative regulation, reflecting the value systems and structure of pre-Islamic Arab society.

The article notes that by the 12th–13th centuries, the science of science of balāğah was definitively shaped by Abu Yaqub Yusuf as-Sakkaki al-Khwarizmi (1160–1229), who dedicated the third part of his fundamental work Miftah al-Ulum (The Key to the Sciences) to this discipline. It also examines the preceding development of the theories of bayān, ma’āni, and badi’, which are the core components of this science.

This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of the competency-based approach in teaching Arabic as a foreign language. The study focuses on the formation of communicative competence through integrating linguistic, sociocultural, and pragmatic components. Special attention is given to the linguistic specificity of Arabic, including diglossia, root-pattern morphology, and syntactic differences. The article proposes a structural didactic model and analyzes its practical implementation through Arabic–Uzbek comparative examples. The findings show that the competency-based approach significantly improves learners’ communicative skills and motivation.

This article examines international terms related to tourism, migration, and service sectors in Arabic, Uzbek, and Tajik, focusing on the lexemes hotel, passport, visa, and taxi. The study aims to identify their etymological origins, semantic transformations, and phonological and grammatical adaptation mechanisms from a comparative-typological perspective. The analysis shows that in Arabic these terms undergo phonetic substitution and function within a diglossic environment, in Uzbek they become an active derivational base through agglutinative morphology, and in Tajik they integrate syntactically through analytic constructions, including ezafe patterns. The results are significant for the standardization of international terminology and for understanding the adaptation of international vocabulary in national languages.

This article analyzes the problems that arise in teaching the Arabic language through distance learning and suggests effective ways to eliminate them. The study examines technological limitations, lack of interactivity, decreased student motivation, and difficulties in assessment. At the same time, the effectiveness of innovative methods, digital platforms, interactive and communicative approaches, and formative assessment tools to eliminate problems is illustrated with examples.

This article examines the psycholinguistic mechanisms underlying the choice of English loanwords in Arabic internet discourse on the Instagram platform. The study focuses on cognitive and communicative factors influencing the preference for Anglicisms among Arabic-speaking users in online communication. Special attention is given to the theory of speech activity, the concept of the bilingual mental lexicon, and the mechanism of probabilistic prediction in speech perception. The analysis of examples from Arabic Instagram discourse demonstrates that English borrowings function not only as lexical units but also as markers of digital culture and modern identity.

This article provides a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of antonymy in the Arabic language within the framework of classical and modern approaches. It elucidates the terminological scope, classification, and interpretative mechanisms ofتضاد    taḍādd – “opposition between two distinct lexemes” – andالأضداد   al-aḍdād– “the concentration of opposite meanings within a single lexeme.” The study compares general semantics with the Arabic linguistic tradition and demonstrates methods of semantic determination through antonymy in lexicography and exegetical practice, particularly   تفسير بالضد   tafsīr bi-l-ḍidd.     The novelty of the research lies in interpreting the issue of antonymy within an integrative model and clearly delimiting the scientific status of the phenomenon ofالأضداد   al-aḍdādat the intersection of homonymy, polysemy, and pragmatics, based on classical debates and modern semantic categories.

As a result, antonymic relations in Arabic are systematized into gradable, complementary, conversive, and directional types. The factors underlying the emergence of الأضداد al-aḍdād as well as their functions in text and discourse are substantiated. It is scientifically demonstrated that a comprehensive understanding of antonymy in Arabic requires harmonizing historical-lexical heritage with modern semantic analysis, particularly emphasizing that taking الأضداد  al-aḍdād into account in Qur’anic and exegetical contexts increases interpretative accuracy.

This article is dedicated to the work titled “Al-Jibal wal-Amkina wal-Miyah” – “Mountains, Places, and Waters” by the great scholar, eminent linguist, mufassir, and polymath Mahmud ibn Umar al-Zamakhshari. It discusses the history of the work's creation, its earliest manuscript copies, as well as its Latin-Arabic scholarly editions and the versions studied and published by Arab scholars. The article highlights the role of the work in the fields of linguistics, culture, toponymy, and lexicography, demonstrating its significance as an invaluable source in Arabic toponymy.

Arabic literature constitutes one of the principal components of humanity's cultural heritage, having contributed throughout its long history to the transmission of knowledge and the formation of intellectual and aesthetic sensibilities among diverse peoples. Its influence has not been confined to the Arab sphere alone; rather, it has transcended its geographical boundaries to become an active agent in the civilizational interaction between East and West. This article aims to foreground the role of Arabic literature as a civilizational mediator that has participated in shaping world culture, by tracing its historical origins and development, elucidating its contribution to the transmission of scientific and intellectual knowledge, and examining its impact on world literatures through translation and cultural exchange. The article further addresses the role of Arab men and women of letters in introducing Arabic culture to a global audience and their contribution to building bridges of cultural dialogue between civilizations.

This article is devoted to researching the role of ancient Oriental cultures, particularly Persian literary sources, in the formation of Arabic paremiology. Based on classical Arabic sources (works of Al-Maydani, Abu Hilal al-Askari, and As-Sa’alibi), the linguistic and historical nature of the concept of “amthal al-muwallada” (modern/generated proverbs) is analyzed. Through comparative-statistical methods, the study proves that the original roots of many Arabic folk proverbs trace back to Persian wisdom. The results demonstrate that the Arabic proverbial system is a product of cultural integration within the framework of a multi-ethnic Islamic civilization, rather than being solely based on ethnic Arabian experience.

This article is devoted to the study of borrowed words in modern Arabic and the main causes of their emergence. The research aims to identify and analyze the linguistic, social, political, historical, and technological factors that have contributed to the expansion of lexical borrowing in the Arabic language. Special attention is given to the role of globalization, the dominance of foreign languages such as English and French, the phenomenon of diglossia, and the inconsistencies in language policy across Arab countries. The study is based on descriptive, comparative, and analytical methods, allowing for a comprehensive examination of both internal and external influences on the Arabic lexicon. In addition, the paper considers the impact of the educational system, scientific development, and historical processes, including colonial legacy, on the increasing presence of borrowed words. The findings demonstrate that lexical borrowing in modern Arabic is not merely a natural linguistic process, but rather a complex phenomenon shaped by a combination of sociocultural, political, and economic conditions. While borrowed words contribute to the enrichment of the language and facilitate the expression of new concepts, their excessive use may lead to the weakening of the functional status and identity of the Arabic language.

In this article, the possibilities of preserving the classical grammar and usage rules of the Arabic language in the conditions of digital technologies and artificial intelligence are analyzed on a scientific basis. The study examines the structural features of the Arabic language, the idiom system, the three-consonant root model, and the compatibility of the weight system with algorithmic modeling. Also, the problem of semantic ambiguity that occurs in texts with diacritics and the possibilities of its elimination by means of automatic diacritics and contextual neural models are discussed.

This article analyzes the use of modern pedagogical methods in teaching the Arabic language. The study examines the effectiveness of communicative methods, interactive technologies, digital platforms, and problem-based learning in language instruction. The importance of modern teaching methods in developing students' language skills in Arabic learning is analyzed with practical examples. The results of the study show that the use of innovative methods increases students’ motivation and improves the effectiveness of language acquisition.

This article systematically analyzes the place of linguopoetics within the system of modern philology, the process of its formation as a scholarly discipline, as well as its interrelations with literary theory, literary history, literary criticism, and linguistic stylistics. Linguopoetics is interpreted as an integrative scientific field that serves to study the literary text in the unity of content and form, in the interaction of language and aesthetic impact. The role of genre, style, historical and cultural context, and stylistic devices in the linguopoetic analysis of a literary work is highlighted.

Today, the influence of the Islamic factor on international relations is growing. The Islamic factor, being a strong and real political factor, has a great influence on all aspects of society, including foreign and domestic politics, as well as on economic and social life. The involvement of Islam in the socio-political life of society has become a topical issue for the entire of Muslim world, as well as for the Central Asian states, as well as Russia and the European Union. Islam has played an important role in Egyptian society and state life since the 12th century. The growing influence of religion on the lives of the Egyptians has become even more evident today. For this reason, in the article the author elaborates on the history of the arrival of Islam in Egypt.

This article discusses the role of Arabic literature in the development of global culture and its contribution to human civilization. Throughout its long history, Arabic literature has served as an important means of transmitting human values and intellectual knowledge and has contributed to strengthening cultural communication among nations. Its influence became particularly evident during the Middle Ages through cultural interaction in Andalusia and Sicily and through the translation movement that transferred many literary and scientific works to Europe. Arabic literature also left a noticeable impact on some European literary traditions, especially in narrative storytelling and certain poetic forms. In the modern era, Arabic literature has developed in terms of artistic forms and themes, and its global presence has increased thanks to translation and cultural exchange. Thus, Arabic literature has become an important part of world literature and has contributed to strengthening cultural dialogue among civilizations and enriching the shared human heritage.

This article analyzes the linguistic features of At-Tahar Wattar’s novel “The Earthquake” through a linguopoetic approach. The study examines the semantic and semiotic load of the title, evaluative units in the protagonist’s speech, the functions of the images of the “rock” and “smell” within spatial poetics, and the compositional-semiotic role of the lexeme “bridge.” It also reveals the use of Qur’anic intertextuality in the novel and its ideological and artistic impact. The analysis demonstrates that the real “earthquake” in the work is interpreted not as a natural phenomenon but as a linguopoetic expression of the protagonist’s psychological upheaval and the social imbalance within society.

This article examines the historical formation, dissemination, and sociocultural significance of the Arabic language today. It analyzes the regional status of Arabic in the 7th century, its spread across vast territories as a result of the Islamic conquests, and the gradual suppression of local languages. It explains in detail the place of Arabic within the Semitic language family, the phenomenon of diglossia between classical and modern literary Arabic, and the spoken dialects. It also presents information on the lexical and cultural influence of Arabic on other languages, the geographical classification of dialects, individual branches such as Maltese, and the historical development of Coptic. The work also highlights the styles of Arabic script and calligraphy (Kufic, Naskh, Thuls, Nasta'liq, Riqa', and Diwani), which underpin the centrality of Arabic in religious, scientific, and cultural heritage.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the historical conditions for the development of Arabic linguistics and the theoretical foundations of Arabic grammar. The study examines religious, social, and linguistic factors that influenced the formation of Arabic grammatical science (nahw). In particular, it is shown that the need to preserve the correctness of the Qur’anic language, the spread of Arabic over vast territories, and the study of Arabic by non-Arab peoples led to the emergence of linguistic needs that formed the basis for the development of Arabic grammar. The article analyzes the scholarly views of classical Arab linguists such as Sibawayh, Ibn Jinni, az-Zamakhshari, Ibn Hisham, and Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani, and highlights their role in the formation of Arabic grammatical theory. In addition, the article explains the scientific essence of the main theoretical concepts of Arabic grammar, including isnād relations, the i‘rāb system, the methodology of qiyās, and the theory of grammatical agents. The results of the study demonstrate that Arabic grammar developed not only as a set of grammatical rules but also as a comprehensive theoretical system explaining the structure of the language.

This article is devoted to the linguo-pragmatic analysis of the ideological and persuasive functions of evaluative vocabulary in modern Arabic political discourse. The study examines the role of positive and negative evaluative units in political speeches and texts in shaping public opinion, legitimizing political positions, constructing the “us ¬- them” opposition, and discrediting opponents. It also demonstrates that the persuasive potential of evaluative vocabulary significantly increases when it is used in combination with rhetorical devices such as repetition, pronouns, metaphor, and intertextual elements. The research is based on a linguo-pragmatic approach and was carried out using descriptive, discourse-analytical, and componential methods of analysis.

This article analyzes the semantic fields of Arabic infinitives adapted into the Uzbek language, presenting their classification with examples. The article highlights the lexical and semantic features of these infinitives.

This article analyzes the structural, semantic, and discourse features of one of the analytical verb constructions in Arabic, namely “كَانَ + مُضَارِع” kāna + muḍāri‘un – “was + present tense”, based on modern linguistic approaches. In traditional Arabic grammar, verb tenses are mainly explained through two forms – ماضٍ (past tense) and مضارع (present-future tense); however, actual language use shows that tense-aspect meanings are often expressed through analytical constructions. The study examines the role of this construction in expressing progressivity, background, habituality, and discourse functions. It also identifies its semantic correspondence with the English Past Continuous and the Uzbek “-ayotgan edi” form. The findings indicate that complex tense forms in Arabic are formed not at the morphological level, but at the level of constructional semantics.

Textual editing (verification of texts) is considered one of the most important fields of research in Arabic studies, as it contributes to reviving the Arab heritage and preserving it from loss or distortion This article aims to highlight the most significant issues related to the editing of texts and literary sources, including the concept of textual verification, its objectives, and the major challenges faced by scholars when dealing with manuscripts and heritage texts The study also discusses the role of textual editing in serving literary and historical studies, as well as the importance of adopting a scientific methodology in presenting texts in a precise form that reflects the closest possible version of what the author originally wrote The article relies on the descriptive-analytical method to present the main methodological issues encountered by researchers in this field, with reference to some applied examples in the editing of literary texts.

This article examines the phonetic classifications and phonological regularities of the Arabic consonant system in Mahmud Zamakhshari’s Mufaṣṣal, focusing on the “Mushtarak” section. It reconstructs the scope of acoustic, articulatory, and functional descriptions and highlights nafas (breath) as a key explanatory notion for the majhūra/mahmūsa opposition. The study also discusses the shadīd, rakhwa contrast as a mechanism-based account of closure and constriction. Emphatic consonants are addressed through iṭbāq (الإطباق) and secondary articulation (pharyngealization, velarization), alongside special groupings such as qalqala, ṣafīr, and dhalāqa, which reflect fine-grained articulatory insight. Zamakhsharī’s remarks on “secondary consonants” and dialectal variants are interpreted in terms of positional patterns of allophonic variation and phonemic alternation. Finally, the paper argues that Zamakhsharī’s three-level taxonomy of idghām (obligatory, permissible, impermissible) is methodologically innovative, framing idghām as a normative, functional-phonological rule rather than mere articulatory facilitation.

This article analyzes the characteristics of enantiosemic units (aḍdād), considered one of the unique linguistic phenomena of Arabic linguistics. It also examines the approaches of linguists to this phenomenon and the semantics of enantiosemic lexemes presented in al-Jawharī's dictionary “aṣ-Ṣiḥāḥ”. Furthermore, the article explores important information regarding al-Jawharī's role in the history of Arabic lexicography, the structural principles of the “aṣ-Ṣiḥāḥ” dictionary, and the scientific and literary environment of the period.

This article analyzes the rich historical development of Arabic literature and the artistic heritage of its prominent figures, such as Imruul Qays, Al-Mutanabbiy, and Naguib Mahfouz. For the first time, the analysis of literary works is considered in the context of the functional role of the Arabic root-and-pattern system and the category of i’rab in shaping the content of artistic texts. The research shows that figures of Arabic literature utilized the polysemantic potential of the language to express complex ideas systematically. Studying Arabic literature masterpieces based on theoretical linguistics is crucial for enhancing language competence and translation practices.

This article analyzes the functional characteristics of verb tense forms in Arabic conditional sentences. It compares the perspectives of classical Arabic grammarians, such as Sibawayh and Ibn Jinni, with modern Western linguistic theories (B. Comrie, J. Lyons, etc.). The research findings indicate that in Arabic conditional constructions, past or present tense forms often denote potential or hypothetical future situations rather than strict grammatical time.

The article analyzes the art of quotation drawn from Qur’anic verses and Hadiths in the poetry of the Sufi poet Azimiy, who was active in Kokand during the 18th–19th centuries. Through this analysis, the poet’s artistic mastery and his mystical-religious worldview are revealed.

The study scientifically examines the use of the art of quotation in Azimkhodja Eshon’s divan “Murod ul-Oshiqin” and explores its Sufi-irfan content.

In his poetry, the meanings of Qur’anic verses and Hadiths are skillfully integrated into the poetic text, which ensures a high level of spiritual depth in genres such as na‘t, ghazal, and musaddas.

The art of quotation in the poet’s work appears not only as an artistic embellishment, but also as an important poetic device that conveys spiritual and mystical meanings to the reader.

This article provides a comparative analysis of traditional and modern methodological approaches in teaching Arabic as a second language. The study scientifically substantiates the crisis of the grammar-translation method and the emergence of paradigms based on communicative competence (CLT, TBLT). Furthermore, it highlights the integration of digital technologies, the “Flipped Classroom” model, and artificial intelligence into the educational process, as well as the significance of the linguo-cultural approach in addressing the issue of diglossia. The article concludes with practical recommendations for improving the quality of Arabic language education based on CEFR standards.

This article examines the fundamental changes and innovations in Syrian literature influenced by the political and social situation in contemporary Syria. In particular, the work of Zakaria Tamer, who lived and worked during this period and contributed to the development of modern Syrian literature, along with a number of other renowned writers, reflects sociopolitical crises through artistic symbolism.

This article analyzes the linguistic and semantic characteristics of the concept of time in the Arabic language. In particular, the lexical and grammatical aspects of such terms as zaman (زمان), zamn (زمن), dahr (دهر), and waqt (وقت) are examined. Based on the views of classical Arabic lexicographers and scholars of nahw (Arabic grammar), the similarities and differences between these terms are analyzed. In addition, the usage of the concept of time in hadith texts is illustrated through examples, revealing its semantic and grammatical features. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the category of time in Arabic linguistics within both linguistic and religious contexts.

This article is devoted to the work of the famous modern Saudi writer Hussein Ali Hussein, as well as the influence of Russian literature on his work. In his stories, Hussein Ali Hussein showed the problem of the "little man", which was also used in the works of famous Russian writers such as A.P. Chekhov, N.V. Gogol.

This article analyzes the methodological approaches used in one of the most important works on Arabic grammar, Alfiya, written by Ibn Molik. Although the grammatical rules are presented in a poetic form, the author managed to organize them in a clear, consistent, and logical structure. The study examines the main methods employed by the author to explain grammatical rules, including the use of word order changes to emphasize priority, references to the dialectal features of certain Arab tribes, and the explanation of rare and irregular cases. The findings indicate that this work serves as an important scholarly source for the comprehensive study of Arabic grammar.

This article provides a systematic morphological and semantic analysis of the category of adjectives in the Arabic language. Within the scope of the study, the structures, patterns, conditions of usage, criteria of permanence and temporality, as well as the analogical (qiyasi) and lexical forms of ism al-fo‘il (active participle), ism al-maf‘ul (passive participle), ṣifa mushabbaha (quasi-adjective), forms of exaggeration and ism al-tafzil (comparative/superlative) are comprehensively examined. The article analyzes, on a scientific basis, the interrelation between form and meaning, the morphological relationship between verbs and adjectives, as well as the phenomena of iḍafa (genitive construction) and agreement. The adjective models in Arabic are studied comparatively, revealing their internal logical system.

This article examines the communicative function of Arabic newspaper headlines as the primary and leading function. The nominative, informative, graphic, pragmatic, expressive, and intertextual functions are interpreted as manifestations of the communicative function. Based on materials from modern Arabic media, the linguistic and stylistic features of headlines are analyzed.

This article provides examples of article titles in the Arabic media, as well as their Uzbek translations. This article also provides the dictionary meanings of some words that will help the reader to improve his translation skills. The cited article contributes to the development of translation studies in Uzbekistan to a certain extent.

This article provides a scholarly analysis of the impact of Egypt's literary environment in the late 19th and early 20th centuries on social life. This period is marked by British colonial rule, national awakening movements, and cultural modernization processes. Literature is examined as a tool for shaping national identity, resisting colonialism, and transforming the socio-political landscape. The study also explores the development of Egyptian journalism, the emergence of modern literary genres, and the rise of feminist literature.

This study examines taraduf works in Arabic linguistics, namely works devoted to synonymy, with particular attention to their lexical-semantic nature and classificatory features. The research classifies these sources into two groups on the basis of their content and criteria, and elucidates their scholarly significance. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that taraduf works are interpreted not merely as compilations of synonyms, but as systematic sources that reflect semantic differentiation. In addition, the study reveals the denotative, connotative, stylistic, functional, and pragmatic distinctions among the lexical units presented in these works. The analysis demonstrates that the units recorded in taraduf works often denote not absolute synonymy, but rather semantic proximity, gradience of meaning, and differences in usage. Therefore, taraduf works are recognized as an important scholarly source for the study of semantic fields, lexical systematization, and synonymic relations in the Arabic language.

This article discusses the teacher-student relationship in the context of learning and teaching the Arabic language, its specific characteristics, and the distinctive features of grammatical schools. At the same time, it explores the antithesis between the works of two great historical grammarians, Mutarriz and Mutarrizi; despite the similarity of their pseudonyms, their linguistic works demonstrate diverse approaches to language teaching. The article provides a scientific and structural analysis of the works of these two scholars, highlighting their similarities and differences.

This article analyzes the image of the Arab migrant woman in the short stories of Ghada al-Samman. The writer’s works explore themes such as women’s pursuit of freedom, gender equality, and the search for one’s place in society. Based on literary examples, the formation of a woman’s identity in migration conditions, her adaptation to Western society, and the conflict between integration and nostalgia for the homeland are examined.

This article provides a detailed analysis of the grammatical category of tamyiz (specification/limitation) using Abdurahman Jami’s work “Al-Fawāʾid al-Ziyāʾiyya” as a case study. The study examines the role of tamyiz in Arabic syntax, its morphological expression, its connection with sentence elements, and its semantic function. The article demonstrates how tamyiz appears in the mansub case, interacts with the subject and predicate, and clarifies quantities, weight, size, and other measurement units. This research provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the complex syntactic structures of Arabic, the mansub system, and tamyiz mechanisms, while highlighting the text’s importance for traditional methods of teaching Arabic in medieval madrasas.

This article analyzes the scholarly views of the great Sufi scholar and poet of his time, Abdurrahman Jami (1414-1492), on Arabic grammar in his work, «al-Favoid az-Ziyaiyya».

«al-Favoid az-Ziyaiyya» is one of the most comprehensive grammar manuals created in Central Asia. This work examines every grammatical issue in detail, supported by examples. «al-Favoid az-Ziyaiyya» devotes special attention to Arabic linguistic terms. The author took a fresh approach to some terms and explained them in his own unique way. Although many books on Arabic grammar have been written over the past five centuries, «al-Favoid az-Ziyaiyya» stands out among them for its simplicity, clear style, and breadth of topics covered.

The expansion of global economic relations and international cooperation has increased the importance of exchanging economic information between different languages. In this process, the accurate and precise translation of economic terminology plays a crucial role. Translating economic texts from Arabic into Uzbek presents specific linguistic, cultural, and terminological challenges. This scientific article is devoted to analyzing the main linguistic difficulties that arise in the process of translating economic terms from Arabic into Uzbek and proposing strategies to overcome them. The main objective of the research is to study the influence of typological differences between the two languages, the specific features of their terminological systems, and their cultural contexts on the translation process. The article also examines semantic inconsistencies, issues of equivalence, and translation methods in detail, which serve to provide practical recommendations for translators and linguists.

This article provides information on the work "Kitab al-Jamahir fi-Ma'rifat al-Jawahir" by Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad Beruni, one of the founders of early Eastern civilization, and details of its translation into Uzbek. Among the scholar's more than 150 works, the surviving "Jawahirot" contains scientific information on more than 30 precious stones and minerals. The work was translated into Russian and Uzbek by Arab scholars. The purpose of the article is to study the scientific value of the work and the features of its translation.

This study aims to investigate the impact of using the shadowing technique on developing some dimensions of oral competence among teachers of Arabic for non-native speakers in Uzbekistan. The study adopted a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design with a sample of 25 teachers. Preliminary results showed improvement in pronunciation, fluency, and clarity of oral performance. The findings indicate that shadowing is a promising approach to developing oral performance.