The article notes that by the 12th–13th centuries, the science of science of balāğah was definitively shaped by Abu Yaqub Yusuf as-Sakkaki al-Khwarizmi (1160–1229), who dedicated the third part of his fundamental work Miftah al-Ulum (The Key to the Sciences) to this discipline. It also examines the preceding development of the theories of bayān, ma’āni, and badi’, which are the core components of this science.

philological sciences, balāğat, phrase, bayān, ma’āni, badi’, development, «Miftah al-ulum».

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