This article examines the historical formation, dissemination, and sociocultural significance of the Arabic language today. It analyzes the regional status of Arabic in the 7th century, its spread across vast territories as a result of the Islamic conquests, and the gradual suppression of local languages. It explains in detail the place of Arabic within the Semitic language family, the phenomenon of diglossia between classical and modern literary Arabic, and the spoken dialects. It also presents information on the lexical and cultural influence of Arabic on other languages, the geographical classification of dialects, individual branches such as Maltese, and the historical development of Coptic. The work also highlights the styles of Arabic script and calligraphy (Kufic, Naskh, Thuls, Nasta'liq, Riqa', and Diwani), which underpin the centrality of Arabic in religious, scientific, and cultural heritage.

Arabic language, Sami languages, diglossia, Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, Arabic dialects, Islamic culture, language and religion, Arabic script, calligraphy, Coptic language, linguistic influence, cultural heritage.

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