This article provides a comprehensive linguistic analysis of Turkic loanwords in the Arabic language. It examines the processes of lexical exchange that emerged as a result of historical contacts between Arabic and Turkic languages, and thoroughly explores the phonetic, morphological, and semantic adaptation features of borrowed words. In particular, the study identifies the pathways through which Turkic elements entered Arabic, their degree of preservation in dialects, and their functional role in modern usage.

The article demonstrates, with examples, how borrowed lexemes undergo phonetic changes in Arabic, specifically through the substitution of non-existent sounds with the closest available phonemes. It also analyzes how, under the influence of the Arabic root-and-pattern system, these loanwords adopt grammatical forms such as pluralization, attribution (nisba), possession, and verbalization. From a semantic perspective, the study investigates processes such as semantic expansion, narrowing, shift, and the development of expressive-emotional meanings.

The findings indicate that Turkic loanwords are actively used in Arabic, particularly in Egyptian and Levantine dialects, and have become deeply integrated into the language system. This confirms the practical validity of language contact theory, showing that such borrowings emerged under the influence of social, political, and cultural factors.

Arabic language, Turkic languages, lexical borrowing, phonetic adaptation, morphological integration, semantic adaptation, language contact, Arabic dialects, the Ottoman period, areal linguistics.

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