This article provides a scientific analysis of the historical conditions for the development of Arabic linguistics and the theoretical foundations of Arabic grammar. The study examines religious, social, and linguistic factors that influenced the formation of Arabic grammatical science (nahw). In particular, it is shown that the need to preserve the correctness of the Qur’anic language, the spread of Arabic over vast territories, and the study of Arabic by non-Arab peoples led to the emergence of linguistic needs that formed the basis for the development of Arabic grammar. The article analyzes the scholarly views of classical Arab linguists such as Sibawayh, Ibn Jinni, az-Zamakhshari, Ibn Hisham, and Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani, and highlights their role in the formation of Arabic grammatical theory. In addition, the article explains the scientific essence of the main theoretical concepts of Arabic grammar, including isnād relations, the i‘rāb system, the methodology of qiyās, and the theory of grammatical agents. The results of the study demonstrate that Arabic grammar developed not only as a set of grammatical rules but also as a comprehensive theoretical system explaining the structure of the language.

Arabic linguistics, Arabic grammar, nahw, i‘rāb, qiyās, isnād, grammatical theory, theory of grammatical factor, Arabic linguistic tradition.

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