This article discusses the organizational and legal mechanism of social protection of the population in the Republic of Uzbekistan, focusing on issues of theory and practice.

This article analyzes the measures implemented in Uzbekistan during the years of independence to protect women’s rights, safeguard motherhood and childhood, promote the formation of a healthy family, and develop social partnership mechanisms. It highlights that enhancing the role and status of women in the country’s socio-political life has been one of the priority areas of state policy. In particular, the Law “On Social Partnership,” which serves as the main legal basis in this field, is discussed.

This article provides a socio-philosophical analysis of the symmetric and asymmetric aspects of the spiritual sphere of society. The study demonstrates that in spiritual development, symmetry is expressed as mutual respect between the individual and society, the harmony of personal and collective interests, the unity of values, the universality of moral norms, and spiritual tranquility. Asymmetry, on the other hand, is identified as a factor which, due to contradictions and disproportions in the process of spiritual development, leads to the emergence of new values and cultural forms. It is also substantiated that ensuring the unity of spiritual symmetry and asymmetry serves as the key mechanism for the development of society.

The most important achievement of Uzbekistan in the years since independence has been stability and security, as well as interethnic and religious tolerance. In its ethnopolitical policy, Uzbekistan prioritizes providing conditions and opportunities for all ethnic groups to develop and assert themselves, preserve their cultural and linguistic identity, and fully realize their spiritual and intellectual potential. The establishment of 157 National Cultural Centers (NCCs) during the years of independence is a testament to the implementation of the constitutional principles of equal rights for ethnic groups.

Among the NCCs, a special place is occupied by the Kyrgyz Cultural and Educational Center, which coordinates the activities of its territorial units in the Andijan, Fergana, Namangan, Jizzakh, and Syrdarya regions. The main objectives of the center are to preserve the unique spiritual wealth, cultural heritage, customs, traditions, language, history, and identity of the Kyrgyz people, and to pass them on to future generations. The center organizes various contests, meetings with prominent representatives of science and culture in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, book presentations, and evenings dedicated to strengthening the Uzbek-Kyrgyz friendship.

In conclusion, we can say that the Kyrgyz people living in Uzbekistan consider it their homeland. During the years of independence, they, like other nations, were given opportunities for self-realization. As a result, they have revived their customs and traditions, as well as their national holidays and rituals. Additionally, the active members of the center contribute to strengthening the political and economic ties between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, serving as a bridge of people-to-people diplomacy.

The article analyzes in detail the content and essence of social conflicts and classifications of their historically changing nature, the evolution of the historical and social views of Eastern thinkers on political conflicts.

The article provides a deep philosophical and psychological analysis of the essence of perception and its significance in comprehending the world. It highlights the views of ancient thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle, the teachings of European philosophers Descartes, Kant, and Hegel, as well as the ideas of Eastern scholars including Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Al-Ghazali, Al-Biruni, and Alisher Navoi. Definitions of perception are comparatively examined, and its connection with sensation, thinking, and consciousness is revealed. Within psychological and neuropsychological approaches, the importance of perception in decision-making, concentration, social adaptation, and critical analysis of information is analyzed. Furthermore, the article discusses the role of perception in individual and social life, particularly in shaping the consciousness of youth, and demonstrates its new dimensions in the context of globalization and digital media.

This article analyzes the socio-ethical views of Abdurahmon Sayyoh (Abdurahmon Tashkandi) and his editorial activities. Particular attention is given to the “Al-Isloh” journal, which addressed religious-legal issues, family relations, codes of conduct, and socio-economic problems through its Q&A sections. The article also examines the moral principles outlined in his work “Me’yor ul-axloq” and their significance in the educational system of the Jadid era.

Philosophy and mathematics are among the oldest and most fundamental foundations of human thought. Their roots trace back to the cultures of ancient East and Greece. Both originate from humanity’s striving to understand the universe, seek order and laws, and comprehend the essence of life. The role of philosophy in shaping the worldview of youth. Philosophy has long defined the direction of human thinking. It develops critical thinking.

The article explores the history of Samarkand State University during the 1920s and 1930s. It discusses the university's establishment as one of the largest higher education institutions in the republic, and its current role in training scientific and pedagogical personnel. Through an analysis of archival documents and periodical press materials, the article also examines the impact of political processes during this time on the development of historical knowledge in the republic.

This article broadly covers the issues of ensuring gender equality and family harmony in an enlightened society. Gender equality is the equal opportunities of men and women in the political, legal, social and economic spheres, and family harmony is seen as an important factor in the stability of society and raising children. The study analyzes the scientific views of international organizations such as the UN, UNESCO, ILO, the World Bank, as well as scientists such as Amartya Sen, Nancy Fraser, Judith Butler. It also highlights the importance of the reforms implemented in Uzbekistan in recent years, in particular, the Law "On Guarantees of Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men" adopted in 2019. Based on foreign experience, the need to include gender equality in educational programs, expand the active participation of women in the labor market, eliminate legal gaps, and develop family businesses is emphasized. At the same time, mechanisms for strengthening family harmony through cooperation between NGOs, civil society institutions and state policy are shown. In conclusion, it is substantiated that gender equality and family stability are important conditions for social development.

The article analyzes the process of formation of the ideas of religious tolerance and freedom of conscience in the history of socio-philosophical thought of the ancient East and their gradual development. Religious views formed in ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China, and based on them, ideas aimed at ensuring harmony and stability in the life of society are illuminated on a scientific basis. In Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism, the principles of spiritual freedom, the right to choose one's faith, and tolerance are analyzed. Also, the views of ancient Eastern thinkers on religious freedom and moral values are explained by their role in strengthening social solidarity. The article shows that these ideas created a theoretical basis for the philosophical views of the next period and their influence on the formation of modern concepts of religious tolerance. Thus, in ancient Eastern thought, the ideas of religious harmony are analyzed as an important layer of the spiritual heritage of humanity.

This article examines the socio-philosophical views of Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the context of the intercultural dialogue between East and West. The author draws attention to the fact that Jinnah, relying on both Muslim values and Western philosophical and legal heritage, developed his own concept of cultural interaction. Special attention is paid to Jinnah's desire for harmony between tradition and modernity, tolerance and respect for different cultures. The author shows that Jinnah's views remain relevant for modern philosophical comparative studies and intercultural philosophy, especially in the context of the global challenges of the 21st century.

This article analyzes, from a scientific perspective, the complex impact of migration processes on the value systems of societies. Migration is not only a demographic or economic phenomenon but also a multi-layered process that leads to a radical restructuring of social consciousness, normative paradigms, and cultural identity.

This article analyzes the socio-philosophical impact of artificial intelligence on the formation of an individual’s worldview. It examines the changes taking place in the thinking, values, and social consciousness of the younger generation in the context of the digital society and technological progress. The study highlights both the positive and negative aspects of artificial intelligence and emphasizes the necessity of ensuring a dialectical balance between national and universal values.

The scientific article describes the role of philosophical education and upbringing in the search for alternative ways of developing society in the context of globalization, its methodological significance for the democratic reform of the education and training system of our country, as well as the need to study the multidimensional connections between its objects and subjects in improving the concept of sustainable development society. Philosophical ideas that have scientific and practical significance are presented.

The article analyzes the significance of national values and considers the issues of forming social responsibility of an individual in a family on their basis. The importance of forming such qualities as awareness of one's duty to society, hard work, high spirituality through national traditions, customs, family relations and spiritual education is shown. Attention is also paid to the role of effective application of national values in the process of family education in raising a harmonious generation. The effectiveness of this process is illustrated by scientifically based approaches and examples from practice.

This article focuses on the description of cybercrime among young people, the improvement of criminal prosecution and liability for various crimes committed using the latest information technologies, as well as the state and prospects for the development of the fight against cybercrime.

The study of the period of origin and existence of settlements belonging to nomadic tribes that lived on the territory of Central Asia differs slightly when solistizing with a more sedentary population. As a component of the region, Northern Bactria has many years of major studies in this regard. This area is further grouped from several based on its geographical features. The article is about the study of the settlements of the nomadic tribes of Northern Bactria and its current classification, significance in science.

This article examines the role of investigative journalism in the system of public control in the Republic of Uzbekistan, its normative-legal foundations and institutional mechanisms, as well as the laws and regulations adopted during the years of independence. The legal status of mass media and their importance in strengthening civil society are analyzed on a scientific basis. Special attention is paid to the role of investigative journalism in ensuring transparency, combating corruption, increasing the openness of state bodies’ activities, and protecting the rights and interests of citizens.

The article analyzes the significance of the prosecutor’s participation in civil proceedings, its legal foundations, and practical aspects. Based on the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Law “On the Prosecutor’s Office,” and other normative acts, the functions and powers of the prosecutor are disclosed. The essence of prosecutorial supervision, scholarly perspectives, and its role in judicial practice are also highlighted. Using examples and statistical data, the article demonstrates the role of the prosecutor’s participation in civil cases in ensuring the rule of law, protecting rights and freedoms, and safeguarding the interests of society and the state. In conclusion, proposals are made to improve the efficiency of prosecutorial activities and to expand the prosecutor’s powers in certain areas (ecology, environmental protection, property disputes).

This article highlights the specific aspects of the distinction between agreements and contracts, and shows that agreements arise as a result of actions aimed at establishing, changing and canceling civil rights and obligations between individuals, their legal status is considered one of the main institutions of civil law, private law, and their specific aspects are highlighted based on legal sources. In addition, the fact that an agreement is distinguished from other legal facts by the fact that it creates a certain legal consequence and achieves a legal result through it is highlighted with examples.

This article provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of how the Cold War era has been studied in foreign historiography. The research explores the theoretical and methodological approaches, debates, and scholarly perspectives of various historical schools in an expanded manner. The traditional, revisionist, post-revisionist, and new historical approaches proposed by American and Western European historians at different times are analyzed in detail, and their scholarly and ideological characteristics are presented comparatively. Furthermore, within the framework of the modern concept of global history, the reinterpretation of Cold War history, new methodological approaches, changes in contemporary scientific paradigms, and the main trends in current research are discussed in detail.

This article analyzes the increasing activity of young people with disabilities as a necessity for social progress. It also discusses the role of civil society institutions in the socialization of young people with disabilities.

This article analyzes the sources in Abu Bakr Haddad’s work al-Jawhara al-Nayyira and examines his methodological approach to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) on a scholarly basis. In this work, the author relied on more than 70 different texts and over 60 renowned jurists and scholars. Alongside the main sources of Hanafi jurisprudence, the book also presents the opinions of scholars from other madhhabs, which further enhances its jurisprudential and methodological significance. The study focuses primarily on identifying the most frequently cited sources, analyzing the number of quotations, and their thematic distribution. In addition, the author’s attitude towards comparative fiqh, his method of argumentation, and his criteria for source selection are discussed. As a result, the encyclopedic value and methodological features of the work are revealed.

This article analyzes the formation of the rights of persons with disabilities and attitudes toward them from ancient times to the Middle Ages, focusing on their historical, cultural, and religious foundations. Using examples from Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, China, as well as the Islamic and Christian worlds, the study examines socio-political and legal approaches to people with disabilities. The author compares similarities and differences in perceptions of disability across various societies, highlighting the complex interplay between religious beliefs, cultural values, and economic factors. Special attention is given to how historical experiences influenced the subsequent development of disability rights.

In this article, the author analyzed a number of theoretical approaches to the definition of political parties. Political parties play an important role in the development of democracy and civil society, but there is no consensus on their definition. The article examines classical theories (for example, the approaches of Western European and CIS scientists), functional, electoral, and ideological approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be analyzed, and its application in the context of Uzbekistan will be discussed. As a result, the author proposes a personal approach, based on the view of parties as a political structure of society.

The article analyzes cooperation in the field of education within the framework of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS), focusing on institutional mechanisms and strategic guidelines of the "Vision of the Turkic World - 2040," the "Strategy for 2025-2026," as well as decisions from meetings of education ministers. Special attention is given to the provisions of the "Charter of the Turkic World," which establishes value-normative guidelines and provides a practical dimension for educational integration within the OTS. Key initiatives are examined, including academic mobility through the "Orkhun Exchange Program" (Orkhun Process), the "sister schools" model, the Al-Khwarizmi Turkic Youth Olympiad, preparation of school textbooks on "General Turkic History," "General Turkic Literature," "General Turkic Geography," the digital language agenda (Big Turkic Language Model), and the role of the Turkic Academy in education. Special emphasis is placed on Uzbekistan as one of the key initiators of integration processes: digitalization of education, coordination of the Olympiad direction, development of educational materials, and expansion of the partnership network within the "Orkhun Process." The contribution of the Union of Turkic Universities (TURKUNIB) and the International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY) to the formation of a unified educational space for Turkic countries is highlighted.

The article presents a statistical analysis of demographic indicators of Uzbekistan's development using the example of the city of Tashkent.

In this article, during the research activity of the scientist Mamajon Rahmanov, the stages of development of the Uzbek national theater art, from the history of its emergence to the present, are studied, and the literature and articles published on his work are studied and analyzed. what is done is highlighted. Mamajon Rakhmanov's books covering the field of theater studies are as rich in content as the articles written by him are unique. He has been actively participating in several newspapers and magazines of our republic with a series of articles written on the development of theater art and theater criticism. In each of his articles and monographs, the scientific and practical activities carried out with a number of innovations in the field of theater are covered.

This article scientifically and theoretically analyzes the role of the harmony of music and philosophy in the formation of the concept of aesthetic taste and beauty in the minds of young people. The author highlights the problems of aesthetic consciousness, spiritual harmony and perception of beauty through the influence of music on the human soul through the senses and the penetration of philosophy into the process of perception through thinking. Practical suggestions are also given on the pedagogical effectiveness of using philosophical approaches in music lessons.

The article examines the stages of the emergence and evolution of civil society institutions in the context of the history of international law. The key historical prerequisites for the formation of these institutions are analyzed, starting from the early forms of public associations and up to modern non-governmental organizations operating in the international arena. Particular attention is paid to the influence of international treaties, declarations and resolutions on the development and institutionalization of civil society on a global scale. Examples of interaction between civil institutions and interstate organizations are considered, as well as their role in promoting human rights, democratic values and sustainable development. The material may be useful for researchers, students and practitioners interested in issues of international law and the development of civil society.

The article presented provides a detailed analysis of the changes that occurred in Russia's foreign economic activity management system during the historical period spanning the second half of the 19th century to the early 20th century. The primary focus is on examining the characteristics of financial and economic policies related to foreign relations, the reorganization of state institutions pertinent to the field of study, as well as identifying the interconnections between the most significant events in the historical process.

This article examines specific aspects of the effective application of special and victimological prevention measures in the timely prevention of crimes committed through internet networks in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It analyzes the types of legal prevention of offenses provided for in national legislation, particularly focusing on special and victimological preventive measures. The article also offers concrete proposals for implementing preventive strategies aimed at combating cybercrimes more effectively.

This article studies the change of government in Turkestan in 1917-1924, the emergence of ideological processes, the widespread promotion of communist ideas in educational and public organizations, and the introduction of non-traditional methods of governance in the government system.

Civil society institutions and state oversight are two main pillars of the oversight system in democratic governance. This article examines the necessity of integrating public (civil society) oversight with state control from theoretical and practical perspectives. The study reviews the legal foundations of public oversight in Uzbekistan, the significance of state-society cooperation, and international experience. The findings indicate that the harmonious collaboration of state oversight and public control over government activities is a crucial factor in ensuring transparency, accountability, and effectiveness in governance.

This article provides information about the specific philosophical views of music in different periods in the study of musical heritage. The article provides information about the thoughts and scientific research of thinkers during the period of the development of musical heritage. Examples of books based on music science by thinkers are given.

This article analyzes the essence of the concept of digital spirituality in New Uzbekistan and its development directions. In the process of digital transformation, the influence of information technologies, social networks, and the virtual environment on the formation of spiritual values is highlighted. It also reveals the role of digital spirituality in the development of moral norms, cultural communication, and educational activities in society. The article substantiates directions for strengthening spirituality in the digital space, strengthening spiritual immunity in the minds of young people, and forming the principles of digital ethics.

This article analyzes the transformation trends of social thinking in the process of forming and developing a digital society. It highlights the changes in worldview, social consciousness, and social behavior of people under the conditions of global digital transformation. Particular attention is paid to the impact of modern information and communication technologies on social thinking, as well as their positive and negative aspects.

The article examines the emergence and development of anthropology in Uzbekistan, personnel issues at different stages of the history of Uzbekistan, conducted scientific research and expeditions, as well as their place in our history.

This article explores the importance of victimology within the crime prevention system. It defines the concept of victimhood, highlights the main directions of victimological prevention, and emphasizes the significance of interagency cooperation and preventive work with vulnerable population groups.

Education, school, teacher, general secondary education, preschool educational institutions, education, vocational technical school, higher education.

This article explores the life and scholarly contributions of Zahid al-Kawthari, a prominent figure of Islamic scholarship in the last century. A significant portion of al-Kawthari’s intellectual legacy is dedicated to writing refutations against the rising trend of anti-madhhab (non-school-based) ideologies that were gradually spreading in certain regions during his time. In addition to this, the scholar was also actively engaged in various other branches of Islamic sciences, leaving a lasting impact through his multifaceted academic work.