This study presents a comparative analysis of menasive speech acts in English and Uzbek, focusing on their structural and pragmatic features. Menasive speech acts, which convey threats or warnings, are essential in understanding interpersonal communication dynamics and cultural nuances in both languages. The research employs a qualitative methodology, analyzing a corpus of speech act instances from various spoken and written sources in English and Uzbek. The findings reveal significant differences in the use of direct and indirect menasive expressions, reflecting distinct cultural attitudes towards authority, politeness, and conflict management. In English, menasive speech acts often utilize more indirect and mitigated forms, emphasizing the speaker's intent to avoid confrontation. Conversely, Uzbek speakers tend to employ more direct and explicit menasive strategies, underscoring the importance of social hierarchy and collective responsibility. This study contributes to cross-linguistic pragmatics by highlighting the role of cultural and linguistic factors in shaping menasive speech acts, offering insights for translation studies, intercultural communication, and language teaching.

Chinese national linguistics, in accordance with a number of periods, gives special attention to the phonetics of its native language. As a result of the research of linguists, the phonetic table divides Chinese syllables into three components: initial, final and tone. In such a situation, the melodic part of the word was of special importance in the classical teaching. However, until the end of the 19th century, much attention was not paid to it. The reason for this is that Chinese hieroglyphs embody such factors as laws of nature, ancient Chinese culture, Chinese mentality, and philosophy. The basic character of Chinese writing is graphic syllabic morphemes, which can be read in any dialect of Chinese.

The history of the development of terminology in the Chinese language goes back a long time. The formation of terms related to the development of science, technology and culture in China and their acceptance in the national and international context is of great importance.

The development of terminology in the Chinese language is related to China's own history, philosophy, science and technology. In ancient times, science and knowledge were mainly based on traditional teachings such as Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.

The lexical layer of the Chinese language has been enriched, first of all, due to the formation of many new words based on the internal word-forming capabilities of this language. At the same time, the absorption of words from abroad has also had a positive effect on the enrichment of the lexical layer of the Chinese language.