This article analyzes the relationship between poor air quality in large cities and an increase in cardiovascular disease. The link between air pollution and cardiovascular health has been proven by numerous scientific studies, and this problem affects not only physical but also mental health. Studies show that air pollution leads to an increase in cardiovascular diseases, such as high blood pressure, stroke and heart attack, in large cities. The article examines the main factors of air pollution, including industrial emissions, road traffic and construction work, and also highlights effective measures to reduce the negative effects of this problem, such as strengthening environmental policies, expanding green areas and increasing the environmental literacy of the population. The article shows the importance of improving urban ecology and public health.