This article examines how the tax policy pursued in Soviet history from 1920 to 1953 became one of the main tools for centralizing the country, strengthening political control, and mobilizing economic resources for the state. The article extensively relies on research conducted by Russian scholars.

The article analyzes the main factors constraining the development of Uzbekistan–China cooperation in both bilateral and multilateral formats. It highlights institutional, economic, transport-logistical, and political limitations, as well as issues related to informational asymmetry and cultural barriers. The author examines the impact of global geopolitical rivalry, internal economic restructuring in both countries, and external sanctions risks on the pace of integration processes. The study concludes that overcoming these challenges requires strengthening strategic dialogue, expanding digital diplomacy, and enhancing mutual trust between the two nations.

This article, dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the Department of Archeology of the Faculty of History of the Central Asian State University (CASU), later TashSU, now the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, traces the main stages of the formation and development of the Department of Archeology on the basis of scientific materials and periodicals. It highlights the key scientific achievements of the department, provides information about the most outstanding graduates, reveals the features of the educational process, and analyzes the results of field archaeological expeditions conducted under the auspices of the department.

This article analyzes the factors influencing the formation of the political elite and examines the endogenous characteristics of political thinking in the context of democratic society development. The author evaluates political thinking as an essential factor shaping political culture, social activity, and political stability. The research highlights the interaction between the political elite and the public, the processes of political socialization, and the emergence of new forms of political thinking based on democratic values. The article also provides a theoretical justification of the role of political thinking in enhancing civic consciousness, deepening democratic reforms, and ensuring social stability. The results of the study reveal the evolutionary nature of political thought in modern political processes.

This article analyzes the philosophical foundations of preserving national values in the context of globalization and their role in the life of society. National values are highlighted as an integral part of the historical experience, cultural memory and understanding of national identity of the nation. The study reveals the impact of the globalization process on national values, modern strategies for its protection, and ways to form national values in the minds of the younger generation from a scientific perspective.

This article examines the Sultan of Oman’s personal political communication strategy in the context of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states. It analyzes the Sultan’s style of engaging with the public, his use of mass media and digital platforms, and the role of these communicative strategies in fostering political stability and legitimacy.

This article analyzes the concept of political communication, its role and significance in society, as well as its role in the formation and development of political thought and political culture. Modern forms of the process of political information exchange, the impact of communication technologies on political consciousness, and the role of communication in the development of democratic societies are highlighted.

In this article, in the process of formation of a digital society, a new content of legal relations is analyzed, their philosophical and social essence. Today, when digital technologies are deepening into all spheres of human activity, the legal system is also developing on the basis of new forms and principles. The study covered the reinterpretation of the concepts of law, freedom, responsibility and justice in the context of the digital world, and the transformation of legal consciousness from a socio-philosophical point of view.

This article explores the formation and development of the consumer society in Uzbekistan, as well as the transformation of socio-economic and cultural relations based on the principles of consumerism. The social nature and distinctive features of the consumer society are revealed through the interaction with global industrial powers, unprecedented economic growth in production for export, and the emergence of a new class of entrepreneurs. The signs of a consumer society are manifested through the flourishing of market relations, the expansion of trade networks, the development of services and marketing sectors. Consequently, traditional social values are gradually replaced by new consumer attitudes and behavioral orientations, where buying and selling become the essence and way of life.