In this study, the diagnostic aspects of facial bone joint injuries were studied in 120 patients, taking into account the hemorrhagic features of the blood. The results of our study showed that in patients with a joint injury of the middle part of the facial skeleton, there are changes in the indicators of functional activity of the endothelium, which peak in 3-5 days. Increased blood viscosity syndrome, increased erythrocyte aggregation, and decreased erythrocyte deformation were also identified. In the course of treatment of patients there is no complete recovery of the indicators characterizing the rheological properties of the blood.

Chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis (ORS) is a prolonged, recurrent inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses (SNP) and nasal cavity with the formation of polyps. Since these structures are a single, in the anatomical and physiological sense, complex, the use of the term “rhinosinusitis” is absolutely justified and allows you to more fully understand the mechanisms of the development of the pathological process and justify a competent, comprehensive treatment strategy. The purpose of this review is to study the prevalence and methods of treatment of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis. Thus, conclusion follows that chronic polypous rhinosinusitis is a polyetiological disease that requires a more detailed study. Treatment of this pathology should include surgery followed by the appointment of intranasal corticosteroids.

This article presents the results of a morphological examination of facial mucosa complications after COVID-19. Infection of patients with COVID-19 with mucormycosis in the oral cavity is manifested in the form of discoloration of the mucous membrane in the area of the palate, swelling, ulcers, necrotic foci on the palate, hard palate and jaw bones, and the dark surface of the bone surface (Brandao et al ., 2020). It should be borne in mind that the recent emergence and development of mucormycosis with COVID-19 is not considered to be fully interrelated, but sufficient causes and conditions for the occurrence of this process during the pandemic, as well as the presence of somatic comorbidities, chronic microbial foci in patients.

Polyposis rhinosinusitis (PRS) is a widespread disease prone to frequent recurrence. The quality of life of patients with this pathology is sharply reduced and is comparable to that of patients with moderate bronchial asthma. What causes such serious problems? Polyposis rhinosinusitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, characterized by the formation and recurrent growth of polyps, consisting mainly of edematous tissue infiltrated by eosinophils.

The laryngopharyngeal reflex (LPR) is associated with many diseases of the ear, nose, and throat. LPR is characterized by a retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx and pharynx, which leads to a recurrent course of otolaryngological symptoms. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are currently the gold standard for LPR. However, there is increasing evidence that not all patients respond satisfactorily to PPIs. 30-35% of patients with LPR require additional intervention to control the symptoms of the disease. Oral probiotics show promise in the treatment of LPR, but evidence is still lacking. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of oral probiotics on oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal health.

We analyzed the frequency of occurrence of various types of strokes and studied data on the epidemiology of ischemic stroke subtypes using the example of one neurological department. The most common was the atherothrombotic type of ischemic stroke, the least common was the hemodynamic type. The highest risk of ischemic stroke of various types are people with hypertension, tobacco users and overweight, the likelihood of ischemic stroke is higher in autumn and spring.

In article presented the results of complex treatment of children with exudative otitis media. The prevalence of exudative otitis media (EOM) is especially high among children: according to some foreign authors, the disease occurs in 5-25%, while others - in 6.5 to 10.9%. This indicator reaches its maximum values at the age of 2-5 years, and by the age of 10, 80 children have a history of at least one episode of exudative otitis media. As noted by the authors, boys are more susceptible to the disease. In studies, a number of authors have shown that in Europe exudative otitis media is the main cause of hearing loss in children aged 2 to 7 years (during mass examinations of children of this age group, it is found in 30.2 cases). The high frequency of exudative otitis media in children - 4 times more often than in adults - is associated with anatomical prerequisites: a short horizontal auditory tube contributes to infection of the middle ear cavity.

: The aim of the study was to investigate the mesenchymal formations in the stroma of polyps of different forms of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis. We carried out morphological and immunohistochemical study of paraffin blocks prepared from nasal polyps, which remote by endoscopic operation in 45 patients with chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis in 2013. The study showed that the observation of mesenchymal formations in nasal polyps, which could be regarded as a growth zone of polyps.

This article provides an audiological description of acute sensorineural hearing loss of various genesis. One of the main problems of modern clinical audiology is hearing loss, which is a process of conversion of mechanical vibrations into energy of nerve impulses for one reason or another and subsequent damage to the auditory apparatus when the transmission from auditory receptors to the appropriate centers of the cerebral cortex is disrupted. Numerous publications in the world and local literature indicate that sensorineural hearing loss is common and very common among ENT organ diseases. According to the World Health Organization, by 2016, the number of people with socially significant hearing impairments will range from 0.6% to 20%, particularly in Russia, where the number of such patients is approaching 13 million, of whom 750,000 are children, and in Europe, sensorineural hearing loss. accounts for 37.2% of auditory pathology.

The purpose of this study was to identify the structural and functional features of the postnatal development of the organs of the immune system of the offspring obtained under conditions of experimental hypothyroidism of pregnant women in the mother.

The experiments were carried out on rat pups obtained from healthy females and obtained from females with experimental hypothyroidism.

Studies have shown that maternal hypothyroidism leads to a disruption in the process of postnatal growth and formation of the immune system organs in offspring, the morphological manifestation of which is a decrease in the areas of the thymus cortex and T-dependent zones of the lymph nodes and spleen compared to the control, a decrease in proliferative activity and an increase in apoptosis T -lymphocytes both in the thymus and in T-dependent zones of peripheral immune organs.

The mechanism of disturbances in the postnatal development of immune organs is based on an imbalance between the processes of apoptosis and proliferation of lymphoid cells, caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones in the mother.

Analyzing the prevalence of genotypic variants of this polymorphism, we revealed a direct association of the C/C monogenotype of the A1188C rs3212227 polymorphism in the IL12B gene with the development of polyposis processes. In addition, these data emphasize the prognostic significance of the C/C genotype of the rs1800896 polymorphism of the IL-12B gene in the development of CPMS. In carriers of this genotype, the relative risk of developing CPMS increases by more than 3 times, compared with carriers of other genotypic variants of the rs3212227 polymorphism of the IL12B gene.

The article describes materials on the literature review on the preparation of patients with osteoporosis in the climacteric period when planning implantation. The clinical significance of osteoporosis in menopause lies in the leaching of calcium from the bone into the blood, which makes it possible to minimize the negative influence of the human factor, the high percentage of patients of older age groups, especially women, for the elimination of defects in the dentition with the help of dental implants makes this problem particularly urgent. , since the asymptomatic, inexpressive course of osteoporosis can be the reasons for the development of complications during the treatment with the use of intraosseous implants.

The reason for the interest in the problem of facial and maxillofacial injuries (CJS) is the increase in the number of injuries to the tissue structures of the face and brain, which is characterized by uncertainty of consequences and difficulty of treatment outcome. Occurrence of neurological deficits in the post-injury period disrupts patients’ social adjustment. The serious consequences of acute joint facial injuries make it one of the social problems of national and global importance.