This article analyzes the formation of a multicultural culinary culture in the Tashkent region and its integration with Uzbek national cuisine during the Soviet period. In particular, it examines the changes in gastronomic culture that occurred as a result of population resettlement and the settlement of representatives of various ethnic groups in the Tashkent region during World War II and the Soviet era. The study shows that elements of Russian, Korean, Tatar, and other national cuisines gradually blended with local ingredients and traditional Uzbek cooking practices, leading to the emergence of new dishes and taste traditions. The article evaluates this process as one of the important manifestations of cultural exchange and interethnic harmony during the Soviet period.

This article provides a source-based (historiographical and source studies) analysis of materials related to the development of the trade sector in Uzbekistan during the Soviet period. It also evaluates the reliability of sources and their research potential.

This article analyzes the processes of digital information flow and the dispersion (diffusion) of consciousness. It examines the impact of modern information and communication technologies and internet resources on social consciousness, as well as issues of information fragmentation and the diversification of consciousness. The article also analyzes the moral, cultural, and psychological significance of information flow in the context of individuals, social groups, and society. This study helps students and researchers gain a deeper understanding of the formation of consciousness and the processes of the spread of social consciousness in the digital age.

This article analyzes the growing negative impact of religious radicalism and the political culture and ideological foundations of countering the radicalization of religious ideas in the modern era, and reveals modern preventive mechanisms for countering radicalization.

This article analyzes the place of Amir Timur in world history based on Ruy González de Clavijo’s work “Embassy to Tamerlane: Diary of a Journey to the Court of Timur in Samarkand in 1403–1406.”

This article examines the processes of formation, stages of development, and future prospects of cooperation in the tourism sector among the countries of Central Asia—Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Key factors in the development of regional tourism are identified as shared cultural and historical heritage, geopolitical proximity, and infrastructure integration. Furthermore, the article substantiates the necessity of jointly developing international tourist routes, implementing cross-border tourism projects, and strengthening cooperation in tourism instead of competition. The concluding section provides recommendations for establishing a sustainable and integrated tourism system in the region.

This article aims to clarify Ibn Sina’s concepts of God and the human being and to analyze their philosophical foundations. To accomplish this task, reference is made to the thinker’s reflections on this issue, particularly his metaphysical and anthropological doctrines. Ibn Sina’s philosophy is characterized by a distinctive methodological system in which the problem of existence is interpreted within a coherent theoretical framework.

The philosopher explains being — that is, all existing things, their origin, structure, interrelations, and transition from one state to another — through the principles of necessity (wājib), possibility (mumkin), actuality, and causality. These categories occupy a central place in his ontology and serve as the methodological basis for understanding the relationship between God and the human being.

Ibn Sina elaborated on these questions in a number of his works, including Ash-Shifo, An-Najot, Al-Ishorat va al-Tanbihat, Hayy ibn Yaqzon, and Ahval an-Nafs. In these writings, the essence of God as the Necessary Existent (Wājib al-Wujūd) and the status of the human being as the Possible Existent (Mumkin al-Wujūd) are examined on scientific and philosophical grounds.

This article examines the preconditions and characteristics of the industrial revolution in 19th-century Russia as a process of transition to factory-based machine production. It analyzes the specific features of industrialization in the context of the abolition of serfdom and the Crimean War, as well as the roles of the state, domestic market, wage labor, and capital accumulation. The article concludes that Russia's industrialization combined common features of the Western European model with distinct Russian socio-economic characteristics.

This article discusses the formation of philosophical intelligence, the interrelation of dialectics and synergetic, the essence of the substantial concept of "energy" that unites dialectics and synergetic, the current theory of the study of nonlinear phenomena, a new interpretation of the world, and complex systemic processes in the natural and socio-economic sphere. In the interdisciplinary methodology, the linearity and nonlinearity of both simple and complex views of the world are analyzed as a manifestation of the linear approach in the formation of philosophical intelligence and synergetic thinking in social processes. It also covers the issues of human imagination moving beyond linear intuition and a linear worldview.

This article analyzes the illumination of heroic images in Karakalpak folk epics and their philosophical interpretation. The Karakalpak epic heritage is an important cultural source, embodying the historical memory, spiritual values, and social views of the people. The study scientifically illuminates the formation of the image of the hero in epic poems, its artistic features, and its role as a symbol representing the people’s ideal. The philosophical essence of the concept of heroism, its connection with the spiritual thinking, historical experience, and social values of the people are analyzed.

This paper offers a systematic analysis of Academician Ibragim Muminov’s interpretation of Abu Rayhan al-Biruni’s intellectual heritage. It examines Biruni’s natural-scientific doctrines and epistemological method (observation, experience, comparison, and logical generalization), as well as his ethical and socio-philosophical views. Drawing on Muminov’s work “The Great Encyclopedist from Khorezm,” the study highlights Biruni’s principles of scientific objectivity, his reflections on the relationship between “report” and “seeing,” the need to observe phenomena from different angles, and the role of language and intercultural exchange in knowledge production. The findings demonstrate the methodological relevance of these ideas for contemporary philosophy of science and education.

The article analyzes information about transit routes between cities and trade routes between regions, given in Arabic-language sources, which constitute the main group of sources related to the history of the early medieval Central Asia.

This scientific article provides an in-depth analysis of the role of the tourism sector in the national economy, its contribution to generating foreign currency revenues, and development trends based on international experience. In particular, the dynamics of the sharp growth in tourism revenues are illustrated through the examples of Austria and Hungary. The article also scientifically substantiates the development prospects of the Republic of Uzbekistan’s tourism potential, based on its geographical location, historical and cultural heritage, natural and climatic conditions, and infrastructure capabilities. Furthermore, it analyzes the strategic directions, priority tasks, and phased reforms developed for tourism development in the 1990s, highlighting tourism’s contribution to economic growth, employment, and international integration.

The article presents a description and analysis of eight copper coins minted in Kesh during the Timurid period, identified as part of a hoard discovered in 2021 in the Yangi Sanganak mahalla of Parkent district, Tashkent region. The hoard is currently preserved in the State Museum of the History of the Timurids of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The described coins are divided into two types. On the obverse of both types, an Arabic inscription reads “zarb Kesh” (“struck in Kesh”). On the reverse of Type I coins, the legend “adl shirmard” appears, serving as a guarantee of the authenticity of the monetary unit and emphasizing the power of the ruler. On Type II coins, the year of minting is written out in words in Hijri dating as “nine hundred and one”. The obverse and reverse of both types are decorated along the circumference with a dotted ornament, a border line, and a stylized vegetal motif in the form of a leafy branch. It has been recorded that some of the coins bear two types of countermarks. These countermarks were applied during the Shaybanid period in order to compensate for the shortage of currency in commercial circulation by reusing Timurid coins. These finds also serve as evidence that Kesh coins were in circulation within the territory of the Tashkent oasis during the specified period.

This article examines the Upper Zarafshan water system, which is one of the main irrigation networks of Samarkand and is located in the Rovotkhoja area (30 km downstream from the city of Panjikent). The significance of the Zarafshan River for the Samarkand region is highlighted. In the 20th century, major efforts were undertaken to ensure the rational use of the Zarafshan River’s water. It is precisely from this location that the largest irrigation systems originate: on the left bank — Yangi, Qozon, and Darg‘om; on the right bank — Tuyatortar, Katta Tayloq, and Kichik Tayloq.

This article presents a comparative-philosophical analysis of social meaning and moral knowledge in the context of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language and Eastern peripatetic moral epistemology. The study examines how Wittgenstein’s concepts of “language games” and “forms of life” reveal the social and normative character of meaning, and compares these ideas with the peripatetic views of al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Ibn Rushd on intellect, morality, and spiritual knowledge. The analysis demonstrates that in both Western and Eastern philosophical traditions, social meaning and moral knowledge are formed not only through individual cognition but also through interaction with social, ethical, and cultural frameworks. The study contributes to the methodology of philosophical, cultural, and social-humanitarian research, highlighting the integrative potential of Eastern and Western epistemologies in understanding the social construction of meaning.