This article studies and clarifies the essential aspects of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), including its definition, scope, historical background, main characteristics, types, and goals. It also examines the objectives of ESP instruction, the role and preparation of ESP teachers, as well as the aims of ESP courses and programs. Despite the existing contradictory views on ESP policy, it can be clearly stated that this field represents the teaching of English to those who pursue specific goals - professional, academic, or scientific. The article analyses the key roles and functions of foreign language teachers for specific purposes. It defines the main tasks and responsibilities of teachers in higher education system whose professional activity is multifaceted and multifunctional, and also analyzes ESP courses and their distinctive features.

This study examines Tamim Ansary's "Destiny Disrupted," focusing on the narrative strategies and identity construction through the lens of cultural hybridity. Ansary employs storytelling, juxtaposition of Islamic and Western narratives, and personal anecdotes to challenge monolithic perceptions of identity. By highlighting the complexities of cultural interactions, he illustrates the fluidity of identity shaped by historical contexts. This analysis reveals how Ansary’s work fosters empathy and understanding, encouraging readers to reconsider their own identities in a globalized world. Ultimately, "Destiny Disrupted" serves as a vital contribution to discussions on cultural hybridity and postcolonial thought.

The article highlights the formation of cognitive linguistics, its main principles and issues of conceptual analysis. The notion of concept, its linguistic representation, and its role in national-cultural cognition are theoretically examined. Moreover, the specific features of literary text analysis within the framework of the linguo-cognitive approach are demonstrated.

This article presents a comparative analysis of the artistic uniqueness in the English translations of Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur’s Baburnama. The translations by Annette S. Beveridge (1921) and Wheeler M. Thackston (1996) are examined from linguistic, stylistic, and intercultural perspectives. The findings reveal that the degree of artistic expressiveness and aesthetic tone vary across the translations, reflecting the translators’ different goals and approaches.

The human factor of the concept of “child” in Uzbek and English is due to how important a role it plays in the lifestyle, life. Whereas, we can learn everything in the world by analogy, since analogy is the basis of understanding any thought or being. The modern linguistic directions of the research work are related to the cognitive linguistics and Linguistics Sciences, the fact that the concept of “child” is not fully studied in English and Uzbek, the fact that this concept was not studied from the point of view of comparative, cognitive linguistics and Linguistics determines the relevance and necessity of the dissertation work.

Proverbs are aphorisms that reflect people’s long-life experience, wisdom, undergoing and attitude towards certain events as well as judgements in a literary, figurative and descriptive way. For example, Aytilgan soʻz – otilgan oʻq, Koʻpda Xizr bor, Mehnatdan kelsa boylik, turmush boʻlar chiroylik. Humans’ characteristic features, outstanding behaviour or memorable attributes connected with them are directly embodied in Uzbek proverbs with personal names. From this viewpoint, anthroponyms in the component of Uzbek proverbs have significant importance with regard to imparting encyclopaedic information about certain people, on the basis of whose peculiarities certain concepts can be formed. In this article, the conceptual analysis of Uzbek proverbs with an anthroponymic component is discussed and reacted from cognitive viewpoint.

This article provides information about the life, scholarly journeys, and teachers of Mahmud ibn Umar ibn Muhammad Ahmad Khwarazmi Zamakhshari, who is also known by the honorary title Khorazm Fakhr and the name Jorulloh (meaning "Neighbor of God"). Additionally, it discusses his treatise Navobig‘u-l-kalim, which contains advice, admonitions, and wisdom, its significance, themes, the authorship of the book, the fact that the work has been titled with different names, reasons for this, and the results of research into which title is actually correct. Furthermore, the article presents the debates and discussions of researchers about two other ethical works by the scholar, Nasoihu-s sig‘or and Nasoihu-l-kibor, as well as conclusions regarding their connection with Navobig‘u-l-kalim.

This article presents a scholarly analysis of the concept of the main characters in the short stories of Abdulla Kahhor and his artistic interpretation within the framework of realism. Through the depiction of protagonists in the author's stories, national character, social environment, and human psychology are revealed. The research focuses on stories such as “Patient”, “Horror”, and “Makhalla”, highlighting the characters’ inner world and their close connection to the society. The study concludes that in Kahhor’s stories, the concept of the heroes harmonizes with the national features of realism, providing a profound artistic expression of the Uzbek people’s spiritual world. Furthermore, the article discusses the writer’s contribution to the development of 20th century Uzbek literature and the formation of the realistic school.

This article explores the theoretical foundations and methodological approaches to the linguopoetic analysis of literary works. It emphasizes the significance of an approach based on the synthesis of linguistics and poetics in uncovering the deeper semantic layers of a literary text. The findings highlight the role of linguopoetic analysis as an important tool in the fields of literary criticism and interpretation.

This article examines the representation of the “weather” conceptosphere in English phraseology, focusing on its semantic, cultural, and cognitive dimensions. Based on the theoretical framework of conceptosphere studies, the research analyzes a wide range of weather-related phraseological units, including those denoting natural phenomena such as wind, rain, storm, snow. Special attention is given to the cultural-cognitive foundations underlying these expressions and their role in shaping the linguistic worldview. The analysis demonstrates that the concept of wind is the most frequently verbalized in English phraseology, highlighting its symbolic significance in the interaction between language and culture. Furthermore, the study reveals how weather-related idioms reflect the values, worldview, and environmental experience of the English-speaking community. The classification of selected idioms according to semantic and quantitative criteria provides insights into evaluative and cognitive features of weather concepts within the English linguistic picture of the world. By exploring the interrelation between natural phenomena and cultural perception, the article contributes to the fields of cognitive linguistics, phraseology, and linguoculturology, offering valuable perspectives on how weather as a universal concept acquires nationally specific interpretation in English.

This article analyzes certain important issues in the textual studies of Alisher Navoi’s works, using examples from Khamsa, Lison ut-Tayr, and Waqfiya. First, the discrepancy between the total volume of Khamsa as stated in textbooks and the amount mentioned by Khondamir is discussed, with an argument made for the need for rigorous scholarly investigation of this difference. The article also reveals misinterpretations of some verses in various editions of the poem Lison ut-Tayr: for example, confusion between the "fifth" and "seventh" heavens in a verse related to the Mi‘raj-nama, and the semantic consequences of word differences such as “sharhi” and “shahri” or “bobuho” and “bobaho” in a verse about Hazrat Ali. Variants of an excerpt from Waqfiya found in different editions are compared, analyzing terminological (salavot – salot), phonetic-graphic (o‘ruz – o‘ttuz), syntactic-semantic (the completeness of a sentence about zakat), and legal-terminological (nasab – niṣab) differences. The article emphasizes the importance of improving textual scholarship on Navoi’s works, ensuring fidelity to the manuscripts, and finding a balance between critical editions and accessible forms suitable for contemporary readers.

This article analyzes the semantic and conceptual features of the concept of “friendship” in Uzbek and German languages. Theoretical foundations of semantic annotation are discussed, and it is shown how the concept of friendship is expressed through different semantic components in diverse cultural contexts. In Uzbek, friendship is associated with collectivism, social values, and frequent use in official discourse, while in German it emphasizes individuality, personal ties, and long-term emotional bonds. The study highlights issues of cross-linguistic equivalence and cultural-semantic differences.

This article examines the relationship between language and thought, focusing on the concept of conceptual thinking. Language is viewed as both a primary means of expression and a formative factor in shaping thought. Using examples from Uzbek literary heritage, the study highlights the harmony between language and national thinking. The findings demonstrate that language plays a vital role in human intellectual development.

This article explores the theoretical and lingvodidactic foundations of teaching Uzbek in non-Uzbek schools through comparison with students’ native languages. The research highlights the importance of teaching the state language, methodological challenges in a foreign-language environment, and the role of contrastive linguistics in developing communicative competence. The Uzbek language is compared with Russian, Tajik, and Kazakh at phonetic, grammatical, and lexical levels. As a result, methodological recommendations for effective teaching of Uzbek have been developed.

The article analyzes the creative development of Togʻay Murod and his devotion to literature. Based on the writer’s diaries, autobiographical notes, and articles, it explores his artistic and journalistic thinking, the features of the “Uzbek-style modernism,” as well as his socio-spiritual worldview. At the same time, the impact of the literary environment and world literature is interpreted in harmony with his aesthetic views.

This study examines the process of morphological integration of English loanwords in Uzbek, a process that highlights the typological differences between the two languages. While English words are widely borrowed into Uzbek, their use in authentic texts is often not in their original form. Using a small corpus of authentic Uzbek online news and blog posts, this research analyzes the frequency of English loanwords and the extent to which they are adapted with Uzbek suffixes. The findings reveal that a considerable number of these loanwords are not used as isolated vocabulary items but are systematically integrated into the Uzbek grammatical system. The most common suffixes identified serve key grammatical functions, such as pluralization and case marking. This morphological adaptation demonstrates how Uzbek's agglutinative structure molds borrowed words to conform to its own grammatical rules. The study concludes that understanding this process is crucial for both comparative linguistics and for second language pedagogy, as it underscores a key challenge for English-speaking learners of Uzbek.

This study proposes an innovative functional approach to teaching notarial English to law students, demonstrating its effectiveness through a classroom experiment with Uzbek law students. Results show a 43% improvement in drafting accuracy for students taught with Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) methods compared to only 12% for the control group. The research highlights how explicit instruction in genre conventions, modality, and speech acts enhances students' pragmatic competence in legal drafting. Additionally, the article addresses significant cross-cultural challenges by comparing notarial conventions across civil and common law systems, offering practical adaptations for multilingual classrooms. The findings provide valuable insights for legal English educators working in diverse juridical contexts.

The article is devoted to the English and Russian translations of Abdullah Qadiri's “Bygone days” to categorize words specific to gender, culture, customs and other national cultures and to provide a functional approach to their translation. The proposed paradigm emphasizes the key role of categorization in delivering the translation to cultures and languages. Therefore, the English and Russian translations of Abdullah Qadiri's novel “Bygone days” have been studied from linguistic viewpoints. The article analyzes gender in translation, the transmission of national character and the issue of word choice. The purpose of the research is to study the English and Russian translations of Abdullah Qadiri's novel "Bygone days", to understand   the translation, the translation skill of the translator, as well as to analyse the quality and level of the translations of the novel and whether the translator was able to convey the main idea of   the masterpiece of Uzbek literature and the author`s original intentions and goals. The article also discusses the need for cultural explanation and linguistic analysis to identify categories that are specific to the target audience of the translation.

Cognitive and pragmatic approaches to literary discourse are becoming more and more prominent in modern linguistics as it shifts towards an anthropocentric paradigm. Epic poetry's conceptual framework is mostly based on time and place, which are universal elements of human experience. This study looks at how the epic traditions of Uzbekistan and England conceptualise temporal and geographical concepts cognitively. Through an examination of how time (historical, mythical, and cyclical dimensions) and geography (geographical, cultural, and symbolic conceptions) are represented linguistically and discursively, the study demonstrates how epics embody both culturally unique worldviews and universal human cognition. According to the study, time represents both eternity and transience in Uzbek epics, while space is frequently depicted as vast steppes, homeland, and journey; in English epics, time is associated with Christian teleology and moral order, while space takes the form of castles, mythical realms, and sacred landscapes. The article's main goal is to demonstrate how the epic worldview in both traditions is constructed using cognitive models of time and space that are influenced by pragmatic and cultural settings.

This article discusses the evolution of Uzbek internet discourse and the emergence of new terms at the intersection of spoken and written language in connection with this development. In particular, the study critically examines the diverse ways in which terms such as "internet discourse," "written conversational speech," and "syntax of internet discourse" are used in existing research. The focus is placed on the need to stabilize these concepts as concrete terms within the field of linguistics.