By the late 1980s, due to political, economic, social, and moral decline, the Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991. In this situation, the Republic of Uzbekistan declared its independence, and bold steps were taken to strengthen it. In Khorezm region, addressing water and water management issues from a scientific perspective has always been a critical matter. This article discusses scientific research related to the efficient use of water resources and water-saving technologies. It also covers agreements on jointly managing the distribution of the trans boundary Amu Darya river among neighboring republics, with the remaining water resources allocated to preserve the Aral Sea. Additionally, it provides information on financial support for Aral Sea preservation projects, including contributions from organizations outside Central Asia, such as the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and countries like Japan, Germany, and China.

The article explores the pivotal role of Afghanistan in contemporary international and regional security frameworks. With the U.S. military withdrawal and the Taliban's resurgence in Kabul, the geopolitical significance of Afghanistan has surged, making it a focal point of security studies. The authors highlight the perspectives of Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, who emphasized Afghanistan's security as integral to the stability of Central and South Asia.

Drawing on the Copenhagen School's comprehensive security theories, the article identifies five dimensions of security: political, economic, military, environmental, and social. Additionally, it proposes three supplementary aspects—ethnic, religious, and geopolitical security—to better contextualize Afghanistan’s challenges. Persistent ethnic divisions, historical governance biases favoring Pashtun elites, and the need for constitutional reforms to ensure equality among Afghanistan's diverse ethnic groups. The dominance of Islamic ideological influence on Afghan politics and governance, compounded by the Taliban’s controversial policies and the presence of extremist groups threatening regional stability. The strategic interests of regional (Pakistan, Iran, India) and global (U.S., China, Russia) actors, as well as the implications of external interventions.

The authors critically analyze various academic and policy-oriented works, pointing out gaps in the study of Afghanistan’s impact on U.S.-Pakistan security relations. They conclude that Afghanistan's stability remains a cornerstone for regional peace and security, necessitating comprehensive and inclusive approaches in international and regional policies.

In this article, the identity of Libya, the history of political development of Libya, the fact that the internal conflicts that began with the "Arab Spring" of 2011 caused the Libyan state to sink and become unstable in all aspects (socio-economic, political, spiritual), disrupted the security system, and external (foreign countries) turned into a conflict and dispute area of ​​forces. The article also analyzes how Libya got into this situation, the emergence and state of internal disputes and conflicts.

This article tells about the first teachers who guided one of the greatest scholar and academic scientist Edward Vasilyevich Rtveladze to enlightenment and their infinite contribution to the academic life of the scientist, as well as his hardships on the path of Science and his first practical experience.

This article is devoted to the study of R.I. Kosmambetova's contribution to the development of the Central Museum of Kazakhstan. R.I. Kosmambetova, who headed the Central Museum from 1974 to 1995, had a significant impact on the formation of collections, expansion of educational programs and strengthening museum ties at the international level. Goals and objectives. The purpose of this study is to identify the key aspects of R.I. Kosmambetova's activities, as well as organizational innovations and scientific and methodological works that have influenced the current state of museology in Kazakhstan. The objectives of the research include the analysis of official and archival documents, systematization and periodization of its activities. Materials and methods. Based on the identified documents and materials in the State Archive of the Almaty region, the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the departmental archive and scientific fund of the Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan (GA AO, CGA RK and CGM RK, CMK KP), the biographical portrait of Raykhan Kosmambetova, whose personality is still It is poorly covered in the historiography of Kazakhstan. Results. As a result of the research, the key aspects of R.I.'s activity are revealed. Kosmambetova: organizational innovations in museum management, expansion of educational programs and strengthening of museum ties, scientific and methodological work affecting the current state of museology in the country. Conclusions. R.I. Kosmambetova played a key role in the development of the Central Museum of Kazakhstan, leaving a significant legacy in the museum business of the country. Her works and achievements are relevant and important for modern museum practices, and the study of her heritage contributes to the further development of the cultural heritage of Kazakhstan.

This article explores the relationship between Islam and transhumanism through the lens of Islamic ethics and bioethics, with a focus on moral and spiritual aspects. It analyzes key issues related to the use of biotechnologies, such as in vitro fertilization, human cloning, and genetic modification, from the perspective of Islamic religious and ethical norms. The study emphasizes how transhumanist ideas, aimed at overcoming biological limitations, align with traditional Islamic views on human nature, the soul, and the boundaries of scientific interventions.

This article tells about the changes that took place in the textile industry in the upper part of Kashkadarya region during the years of independence, and about the work activities of joint enterprises established in cooperation with foreign partners. Facts about the contribution of joint ventures to the economic development of the country are presented.

The article talks about the origin of the Alti ota Qazoyogli, one of the 92 clans of the Uzbek people, a region of the Uzbek-Turkmen, and their spread over wide areas. The six-father Qazoyogli clan was one of the ancient clans and was a part of the Oguz. Later, it participates as a component in the formation of Uzbek, Turkmen, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Gagauz and other nations.

This article examines China's geopolitical interests in Afghanistan in the context of contemporary international relations. It examines China's main objectives in the region, including ensuring stability, fighting terrorism, protecting economic investments and promoting the One Belt, One Road project. It analyses China's strategic initiatives, its diplomatic engagement and its interaction with other key players such as the US and Russia. Special attention is paid to China's role in the country's reconstruction process.

The article uses data from a variety of sources, including official statements, analytical reports and expert assessments.

This article examines the specific aspects of the diplomatic relations between the Russian Empire and the countries of Afghanistan. Also, from a scientific point of view, some analyzes of the external factors affecting the diplomatic relations between the two countries were carried out. During the reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan, the Afghan government's foreign policy focused on the issue of instability in relations with Russian ambassadors, which is cited in the case of Ambassador N. Khanikov.