This article examines the attitude towards Islam in Turkestan under the colonial rule of the Russian Empire, how religious issues were resolved in the region, the religious policy initiated by the first general-governor of Turkestan, K.P. Kaufman, and the attempt to change this policy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the issue of organizing a Muslim religious administration in Turkestan, using the example of S.M. Dukhovskoy, who served as the general-governor of the region from 1898 to 1901.

This study focuses on the essence of the interaction between rational and irrational knowledge in ensuring the effectiveness of human activity, as well as the integrative role of their coexistence. It explores how rational and irrational knowledge influence activity from the perspectives of psychology, philosophy, and cognitive sciences, and offers an in-depth analysis of this dialectical relationship based on modern academic literature. The findings demonstrate that the integration of these types of knowledge plays a crucial role in maintaining intellectual and emotional balance in human activity.

The growth and development of the biotechnology industry, especially in the field of biomedicine, has created vast opportunities. This article discusses the importance and application of biotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and infections. Biotechnological innovations are important not only in diagnostics, but also in the creation of new methods of treatment. With the help of new technologies such as genetic modification, molecular diagnostics, immunotherapy and vaccines, various infections and diseases can be quickly and effectively diagnosed and treated. The article provides information on the application of biotechnology in medicine, the achievements achieved in this field and the expected prospects.

This article is dedicated to analyzing the development of the preschool education system in the Uzbek SSR in the late 1940s and early 1950s, along with the existing challenges during this period. The research covers examples from Samarkand, Kashkadarya, and other regions, focusing on the sanitary conditions of preschool institutions, resource shortages, and the operation of children's schools under the kolkhoz system. The article analyzes the 1949 preschool enrollment plans, their implementation, and regional discrepancies.

The article highlights the historical development and current state of religious tolerance, the role of religious tolerance in ensuring peace, stability and mutual respect in society, as well as the issues of developing dialogue and cooperation between representatives of different religions, and the role and importance of this phenomenon in the education of young people in raising high moral qualities.

This article analyzes the crisis of values in modern society from philosophical and socio-cultural perspectives. The author explores the underlying causes of moral disintegration, including secularism, media influence, and cultural relativism, and proposes solutions rooted in Islamic ethics, philosophical universalism, and value-based education.

The Ephthalites, one of the largest states of the early Middle Ages, left an indelible mark on history. Their empire covered the lands from East Turkestan to the Caspian Sea. They also established their own order in the central part of the Great Silk Road, which passed through this vast territory. The article describes the impact of this road on the life and social structure of the Ephthalites.

This article analyzes the influence of bloggers and influencers on youth consciousness through information and communication technologies. It examines the formation of public opinion in the digital communication environment, the media consumption patterns of Generation Y, and the impact of influencers on socio-political processes. The study substantiates the need for effective use of digital platforms in working with youth.

This article explores the historical and demographic significance of the 1910 population census conducted in the Khanate of Khiva under the leadership of Russian Imperial official V. Lobachevsky. Based on archival documents, it analyzes the process of compiling the census data, its content, reliability as a historical source, and potential for scholarly use. The study utilizes the methodology of historical demography to present a statistical description of the socio-economic conditions in Khiva at the turn of the 20th century.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the concept of military culture and its contents. Military culture encompasses a set of behavioral norms shaped by the moral character, discipline, sense of responsibility, and patriotic spirit of military personnel. The article particularly explores its intrinsic connection with core values such as patriotism, discipline, and responsibility, which form the fundamental components of this culture. It also highlights the significance of military culture in youth education under modern conditions, emphasizing its role in fostering loyalty to the homeland and its people. The article serves as a crucial theoretical foundation for instilling feelings of respect and dedication to military duty in the hearts of the younger generation.

This article analyzes the role and effectiveness of creative approaches in the development of oral speech of students of grades 10-11. The application of interactive methods, speech-developing games, debates, dramatization and other creative techniques is considered in order to improve students' communication skills, develop their critical and creative thinking. The article will give recommendations on the importance of these methods in the educational process and their effective application.

This article analyzes the historical formation of the concept of intellectual potential, its interpretation in philosophical sources, its development in psychological and pedagogical theories, and its contemporary methodological approaches. The author highlights how the concept has evolved from ancient Greek philosophy to its present-day understanding within the fields of cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, sociology, and innovation economics. Through the views of G. Gardner, R. Sternberg, L.S. Vygotsky, I. Kant, and other leading thinkers, the interdisciplinary nature of intellectual potential is revealed. The article also examines modern indicators of human potential such as IQ, EQ, and AQ, and discusses the role of intellectual resources in education and social development. Finally, practical recommendations for fostering intellectual potential are proposed.

This article analyzes the legal framework aimed at ensuring freedom of conscience in the Republic of Uzbekistan. After the Republic of Uzbekistan gained independence, great attention was paid to ensuring freedom of conscience. The article discusses the guarantees in the Constitution of Uzbekistan and other legal acts, laws regulating the activities of religious organizations, and international legal obligations. The reforms implemented and laws introduced in the field of freedom of conscience, as well as global cooperation in this area, are discussed. The study shows Uzbekistan's aspiration to respect international law, reforms being carried out to further expand religious freedoms, existing problems in the field of freedom of conscience and ways to eliminate them.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the establishment of the Department of Psychology at Bukhara State University, the stages of historical formation and modern development trends. The structural evolution of the department, the potential of professors and teachers, the expansion of educational programs, and the socio-pedagogical significance of the department are highlighted based on the implemented republican and international scientific projects. The article also analyzes the integration of psychology into the practical sphere, the role of the department in reforms within the framework of state policy, the formation of scientific schools and its place in the system of modern psychological services. Based on the information provided, it is substantiated that the Department of Psychology at Bukhara State University is being formed not only as a regional, but also as a republican scientific and pedagogical center.

One of the unique phenomena in the history of the Silk Road is the Sogdian colonization of its routes. Beginning with the economic need to expand trade zones, it gradually covered all spheres of the material and spiritual life of people of the early Middle Ages on the eastern section of the Silk Road. Its main component was the human (intellectual, educational, spiritual, commercial) potential of the Sogdians, which they were able to skillfully accumulate into financial success and the flourishing of symbiotic culture and art.

This article is devoted to the study of the history of the intensification of geological exploration work carried out in Uzbekistan between 1946 and 1960 and the new mineral deposits discovered as a result.

The study of the philosophical aspects of the human problem is one of the main tasks in Western philosophy. Since ancient Greek times, philosophers have been asking questions about the essence of man, his place in the world and his interaction with the surrounding reality. This question covers many aspects, including morality, religion, consciousness, free will, and social relations. The article analyzes the main aspects of the human problem in the West, including social and cultural factors affecting his personality and well-being. The issues of individualism and collectivism, as well as the impact of globalization on traditional values are considered.

The article focuses on the interconnection and interaction of socio-cultural and informational processes, issues related to changing communicative spaces, and the assessment of new risks and threats in the development of human capital due to the formation of the information society. The study explores the characteristics of human capital in the information society. Special attention is given to the role and place of human capital in the modern informational society. The process of informatization of society contributes to the development of new goals, directions, and priorities, as well as other forms of social relations, interaction, and communication tools, which help to complicate the modern social space.

This article is devoted to the study of the theoretical and practical aspects of the idea of a prosperous life. It explores the historical development of the concept of “prosperity” and its philosophical interpretation across various historical periods and cultures. In particular, it is shown that in ancient civilizations such as Egypt, India, and China, prosperity was associated more with natural conditions and economic stability than with moral purity and religious belief. At the same time, it is substantiated that during the Middle Ages, prosperity was closely linked to moral purity and religious convictions. Moreover, the article provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the components of a prosperous life and the factors influencing its formation.

This interview highlights the history, traditional styles, and modern development trends of the Rishtan pottery school. Through a conversation with master potter Alisher Nazirov, the discussion reveals the ancient roots, technological processes, the philosophical meaning of ornamentation and colors, and the international recognition of Rishtan pottery. The dialogue also emphasizes the role of national handicrafts in enhancing Uzbekistan’s tourism potential.

This article describes the selection of the social sphere as a priority area of ​​state policy in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It also discusses its foundations in the basic law, its content, its role in new development goals and strategies, and the work done.

The article discusses the fact that today all the states of the Central Asian region continue to modernize their political systems, which is quite in line with the emerging challenges of the time.

The article studies the concepts characteristic of compromise according to the teachings of Naqshbandiy of self-awareness, suhbat, self-discipline, nafs, shukr, sabr, zikr and their significance in the conditions of New Uzbekistan, reveals the service to the stability of social, spiritual and educational processes, their significance in the development of the ideological immunity of the mature generation, in the formation of an enlightened society.

This article examines Turkan Khatun, the beloved wife of the Seljuk ruler Sultan Malikshah, and her political struggle for the throne. It describes her confrontation with the Grand Vizier Nizam al-Mulk, as well as her alliance with military officials, courtiers, and the Baghdad Caliph, formed with the aim of appointing her children as heirs to the throne. Additionally, the article recounts the circumstances of the queen’s death.

The article examines the role of archaeological monuments in the historical and cultural heritage of Uzbekistan. The issues of research, preservation, popularization of archaeological heritage, and improvement of current legislation in this process are analyzed.

The article analyzes the transformation of gender roles through the prism of women's entrepreneurship based on sociological studies conducted in 2024-2025. The main factors that contribute to this change are considered, as well as the social barriers that remain in society.

The article reveals some aspects of the active participation of the media in the process of public relations of different directions and content. In addition, the media play the role of an intermediary between the government and society, forming an attitude to current issues and problems. The media connect the people around us with the social world and involve them in global processes.

Indeed, the Internet and news in various fields, television, radio, press and other media are currently an important factor in the socialization of the individual. Artificial intelligence and neural networks are among the most important and active tools in the modern world. The article discusses issues related to the fact that the media can literally change our lives in all respects, but most of the risks associated with them must be eliminated in a timely manner and through appropriate supervision and ethical standards.

this article analyzes the emergence, meaning, and significance of the concepts of “image” and “political image” from a political science perspective. It explores the initial ideas aimed at establishing the foundations of a just society, managing power, and dividing its functions, the historical development of the concept of image, as well as issues related to its effective management through modern political communication tools and information technologies.

This article provides a comprehensive theoretical, methodological, and philosophical analysis of studying youth spirituality, based on various sources. The analysis employs scientific methods such as a holistic approach, systematization, generalization, and analogy to examine the theoretical and methodological aspects of researching youth spirituality.

The article examines the problems that arise in the process of forming environmental culture among young people and ways to solve them. At the same time, modern proposals and recommendations on this issue are given.

In 1783, the War of Independence in North America ended. This was the last war in the 18th century, in which France invested huge amounts of money. Since 1788, commercial affairs, trade, and industrial production have stagnated. The summer of this year was lean. It was an unusually harsh winter for France: many rivers froze, frosts destroyed vineyards. Unprecedented disasters, famine, and hardship have befallen the masses of villages and towns. Driven to despair, the peasants left their homes, went wandering, and raised riots. Peasant uprisings broke out. In the cities, the starving poor were smashing up food stalls and warehouses.

Namangan Medical School is one of the important educational institutions that made a significant contribution to the development of the healthcare system of the Uzbek SSR. This article aims to provide information about the history of the school's formation, its role in the medical field, and the educational processes. The main purpose of the research is to identify the stages of development of Namangan Medical School and to highlight its importance for the healthcare sector.