Metaphors are considered linguistic units that encapsulate facets of a people's national identity, worldview, way of thinking, and culture. This article presents a linguocultural analysis of specific metaphors found in historical-literary texts.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are bringing revolutionary changes to the field of education. In particular, AI-based tools have demonstrated significant effectiveness in developing English writing and pronunciation skills. This article examines the efficiency of English language instruction through AI-powered technologies, including Natural Language Processing (NLP), AI writing assistants, automated pronunciation assessment systems, and chatbots. The study was conducted among 7th–8th grade students with the participation of experimental and control groups. The findings revealed that the use of AI technologies in developing writing and pronunciation skills was more effective than traditional teaching methods. Grammatical accuracy improved by 35%, while pronunciation accuracy increased by 25%. In addition, AI-supported learning enhanced students’ motivation and engagement. However, technological limitations and the incomplete integration of AI tools into existing educational curricula remain significant challenges. The results emphasize the importance of combining AI technologies with traditional teaching approaches through a hybrid learning model. Future research should focus on developing adaptive learning models powered by artificial intelligence to further improve language learning outcomes.

This article examines the genesis, historical development, and poetic characteristics of the novella as an epic literary genre. It explores the role of oral folk traditions, religious and educational sources, classical Eastern literature, and the world literary process in the formation and evolution of the genre. Particular attention is paid to the genre's artistic nature, chronotope, plot and compositional structure, system of characters, psychological representation, and linguopoetic features from the perspective of contemporary literary studies. Using a comparative-typological approach, the study identifies the common and distinctive poetic features of Uzbek and Russian novellas, revealing their artistic similarities as well as their national and cultural specificity.

This article examines the stylistic and pragmatic functions of toponyms in the detective discourse of Agatha Christie's novel The Murder of Roger Ackroyd and the strategies employed to recreate them in Komila Nosirova's translation. The study identifies the geographical names used in the novel and analyzes their role in plot construction, the creation of narrative space, the guidance of readers' perception, and the development of detective suspense from the perspective of comparative translation studies. The findings reveal that the translation employs such strategies as transliteration, transcription, literal translation, partial adaptation, and explanatory rendering. Although the referential meaning of many toponyms has been preserved, their artistic and pragmatic impact has, in some cases, been weakened. The article argues that, within detective discourse, toponyms function not only as indicators of place but also as significant stylistic devices that shape and direct readers' perception.

Abdurauf Fitrat’s Family, or the Rules of Family Management occupies an important place in Jadid literature for its reflections on family life, education, and social responsibility. Although the work has been widely discussed from historical and educational perspectives, its linguistic features have received comparatively little scholarly attention. This study explores how Fitrat uses language to construct family values and persuade his readers by combining Stylistic Analysis with Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis. A qualitative analysis of selected passages focuses on metaphors, proverbs, evaluative vocabulary, rhetorical patterns, and religious references, examining both their stylistic functions and ideological meanings. The analysis demonstrates that Fitrat employs these linguistic resources to portray the family as the basis of social stability while emphasizing moral responsibility, mutual respect, and child upbringing. The findings also indicate that many of the social issues discussed in the text continue to resonate with contemporary debates on family relationships and parenting. The study contributes to Jadid studies by offering a linguistic perspective on one of Fitrat's most influential works.

The article examines taronyms as a specific lexical phenomenon formed through the interaction of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. It analyzes the phonetic, morphological, semantic, and thematic prerequisites for their emergence, as well as the psycholinguistic mechanisms underlying their functioning in speech. Special attention is paid to the correlation between taronymy and paronymy, as well as to the role of taronyms in causing semantic interference and communicative disruptions.

This article examines the theoretical foundations, historical development, and contemporary significance of linguopoetics as one of the major branches of modern philology. It analyzes the essence of linguopoetics as an interdisciplinary field formed at the intersection of linguistics and poetics. Particular attention is paid to the scholarly contributions of Aristotle, representatives of the Russian Formalist School (Viktor Shklovsky, Boris Eikhenbaum, and Yuri Tynyanov), the Prague Linguistic Circle, as well as Yuri Lotman, Viktor Vinogradov, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Ilya Galperin, whose theories have substantially contributed to the development of linguopoetic studies. The paper also discusses the principal objects of linguopoetic analysis, including phonopoetics, lexical poetics, phraseopoetics, morphopoetics, syntactic poetics, tropes, stylistic devices, individual authorial style, and literary concepts. The study concludes that linguopoetics is an integrative scientific discipline that provides a comprehensive framework for investigating literary texts as multilayered communicative and aesthetic systems.

The integrity of the plot and compositional elements, literary and figurative devices—and indeed every detail—becomes more apparent thanks to the dynamic nature of the author's voice. This is because the elements of literary discourse presuppose an organic connection between word, sentence, and text. While the author acts as a figure organizing reality, the characters' personalities are naturally revealed through their interactions within the work. When discussing authorial voice, it is essential to first clarify the concept of "authorial personality" (or "authorial image"). Specifically, it is precisely the author's acute internal conflicts and constant struggle with self that ensure the integrity of the plot.

In this article, we have conducted a comparative analysis of the linguistic and cultural characteristics of animal and plant names found in the paremiology of the Uzbek and German languages, which are considered unrelated languages. The main goal of this study is to determine the semantic content, national-cultural connotations and place of zoonyms and phytonyms in proverbs and sayings used in these languages in reflecting the worldview of the people. In the process of analysis, we studied the values, moral standards, lifestyles and historical-cultural experiences formed through the images of animals and plants. We found that in Uzbek paremiology, units such as camel, horse, wolf, sheep, plane tree, mulberry express the ideas of the people related to the nomadic and agricultural culture. In German paremiological units, we observed that images such as dog, fox, horse, oak and grape express meanings related to hard work, discipline and practical thinking. The results of the study show that zoonyms and phytonyms not only reflect the lexical richness of the language, but also are the main linguocultural tool that reflects the mentality, national identity and cultural values of the people. This research serves to develop intercultural dialogue and enrich research in the field of linguocultural studies.

This article investigates the influence of relationship closeness on the use of politeness markers in English and Uzbek social media discourse. The study is based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory, particularly the notions of “face”, social distance, power relations and ranking of imposition. The analysis also draws on discourse-oriented approaches to relational work and computer-mediated discourse studies. The research uses real examples reported in reliable scholarly sources on English online interaction, Facebook compliments, Uzbek youth social media communication and Uzbek speech etiquette. The findings show that relationship closeness does not eliminate politeness; rather, it changes its linguistic form and pragmatic orientation. In close relationships, politeness is more often realized through positive politeness strategies such as solidarity, praise, informal address, joking, emojis and shared-group markers. In socially distant or asymmetrical relationships, speakers tend to use negative politeness strategies, including modal verbs, indirect requests, apologies, respectful pronouns, honorific verb forms and conventional etiquette formulas. The study concludes that English and Uzbek social media discourse share similar pragmatic goals but differ in their structural realization: English relies more on modal and syntactic indirectness, whereas Uzbek actively uses pronominal, morphological, address-based and cultural-etiquette devices.

The relationship between speech meaning and communicative functions is one of the most urgent theoretical problems of modern linguistics. In recent years, as a result of the rapid development of pragmatics, discourse analysis, cognitive linguistics and linguoculturology, the phenomenon of overlap, associated with the simultaneous performance of several semantic and pragmatic functions of language units, is being formed as a separate scientific direction. In this article, the phenomenon of overlap of speech meaning and functions in English and Uzbek is analyzed theoretically and methodologically on the basis of modern linguistic paradigms. The research used comparative-typological, descriptive, discursive, pragmatic and linguocognitive analysis methods. As a result, the semantic, pragmatic and communicative properties of the overlap phenomenon were systematized, and a conceptual model was developed reflecting the integrative relationship between discourse meaning and communicative functions. The results of the research serve as a theoretical basis for studying the overlap phenomenon in comparative studies of English and Uzbek languages, discourse analysis, translation studies, and modern applied linguistics.

This article examines how British and American cultural values are represented in English-language textbooks used in Uzbek universities. Analyzing four widely used textbook series, it argues that such materials build recognizable cultural scripts through repetition and omission, and it proposes ways teachers can foster critical, reflective intercultural learning.

This article presents a comparative-typological analysis of the mother image created in the works of Utkir Hoshimov alongside prominent examples of foreign literature. Particular attention is paid to identifying the national-ethical, social, psychological, historical-memorial, and mythopoetic characteristics of the mother figure. The representations of mothers in Utkir Hoshimov's "The Affairs of the World" (Dunyoning ishlari), "The Last Victim of the War" (Urushning so‘nggi qurboni), and "Between Two Doors" (Ikki eshik orasi) are compared with the mother characters in Maxim Gorky's "Mother", Chingiz Aitmatov's "The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years", Pearl S. Buck's "The Mother", Bertolt Brecht's "Mother Courage and Her Children", and Toni Morrison's "Beloved". The study employs historical-literary, systemic, comparative-typological, and content analysis methods. The analysis demonstrates that the mother image in Utkir Hoshimov's works serves as a poetic center embodying the national memory, family values, folk wisdom, patience, affection, honesty, and forgiveness of the Uzbek people. Conversely, the article highlights that the mother image in foreign literature is interpreted through the lenses of socio-political awakening, preservation of national identity, economic dependence, war, slavery, and historical trauma. Ultimately, the article scientifically substantiates that while the mother image acquires distinct artistic meanings across different literary and cultural systems, it remains a universal poetic category expressing global human values such as self-sacrifice, responsibility for a child's fate, memory, and moral duty.

This article presents a linguocultural comparative analysis of phraseological and paremiological units in Uzbek and English that are formed on the basis of household vocabulary, including the names of household items, food, and clothing. It examines the role of household imagery in the formation of phraseological meaning, the mechanisms underlying the emergence of national and cultural connotations, and the semantic gaps (lacunae) found between the two languages under comparison. Using illustrative examples, the study highlights both the universal and the language-specific (national) features reflected in household-related phraseological expressions and proverbs in these two typologically different languages.

This article comparatively examines the linguistic characteristics of phytonyms, that is, plant names, found in Uzbek, Turkish, and Russian folklore. It analyzes the semantic and symbolic functions of the names of trees, flowers, fruits, and other plants used in fairy tales, epics, proverbs, sayings, folk songs, and ritual folklore. The study highlights the role of phytonyms in reflecting people's attitudes toward nature, their national worldview, traditions, and cultural values. It also identifies the common and distinctive meanings of certain plant names across the folklore of the three nations, their positive or negative connotations, and their expressive potential as literary devices. The findings confirm that phytonyms constitute one of the significant linguistic and cultural elements of oral folk literature.

This article examines the artistic expression of Eastern spirituality in the multicultural literary context of England and America. Based on postcolonial theory and multiculturalism concepts, the aesthetic and cultural functions of the Eastern image in English and American literary texts are analyzed.

The article analyzes the artistic expression of the national spirit in Said Ahmad’s short story "Qorako‘z Majnun." It examines how the author artistically illuminates the spiritual world of the Uzbek people by depicting—in a folk-inspired style—the harmony between humans and nature, the bond between humans and animals, compassion, loyalty, family relationships, and national customs. Furthermore, the article illustrates the writer's skill in crafting a national character and explores the artistic interpretation of the folk worldview, national values, family dynamics, compassion, and the national mentality.