This article is devoted to the concept of "Politeness" in Korean and Russian. The article reveals the types of politeness. This article clearly shows the culture of communication between these languages.

This article analyzes the epistolary heritage created in the Kokand literary environment at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, focusing on the genre characteristics, artistic-aesthetic value, and historical significance of poetic and prose letters. The research discusses not only the communicative function of letters but also their poetic expression, figurative language, and role in revealing the author’s individuality and maintaining literary connections. Through examples from the works of Muqimiy, Furqat, Zavqiy, Hamza, Nasrulloh qori Farxatiy, Barqiy, and Dilafgor, the study highlights the importance of the epistolary genre in the history of Uzbek literature.

This article examines the artistic portrayal of the adolescent figure in Tohir Malik’s “Farewell, Childhood”, focusing on the character’s psychological experiences and the depiction of life on the verge of crime. The study analyzes the complexity of adolescence, the influence of social environment on personality formation, and the intricate interactions between upbringing and surroundings, as reflected through the system of artistic images in the novel. The analysis of the protagonist’s inner experiences reveals that each of their decisions embodies the tension between childhood innocence and adolescent anxiety, the desire to find one’s place in society, as well as the processes of error, misjudgment, repentance, and self-realization. Through this depiction, Malik presents adolescence not merely as a biological stage, but as a period of moral and spiritual trials. The portrayal of life on the verge of crime in the novel arises directly from the adolescent’s confrontation with the social environment, deficiencies in family upbringing, and societal indifference. Through this character, the author encourages readers to be sensitive to the inner world of youth, to seek understanding, and to reflect on the shortcomings of the educational and social system. Additionally, the article examines the psychological analysis techniques employed by Malik, including the use of inner monologue, symbolic imagery, and a system of conflicts, from a scholarly perspective. These aspects render the novel not only a socially and morally significant work but also an aesthetically valuable literary phenomenon.

This article examines the concept of non-equivalent lexicon from a linguocultural perspective. It focuses on the national-cultural peculiarities of non-equivalent units, the difficulties of their translation, and the ways translators convey them based on pragmatic and equivalence principles. Theoretical views of scholars such as Nida, Newmark, and Venuti are compared with Uzbek linguistic approaches to explain the linguocultural essence of non-equivalent lexicon.

Proverbs are not only the most significant, but also the most characteristic part of the folklore heritage of any nation. The features of folk history and character, work and life are imprinted or metaphorically encoded in them with the same certainty, ancient life on fossils, with the difference that they remain alive for centuries, as long as the people who created them live, and its language, which made them its part.

“The proverbs included in the paremiological fund of the language are a valuable linguistic heritage of the people, reflecting their customs, traditions and history, and other specific features of the people. In proverbs, as in any other genre of folklore, everything that lives and encounters this or that people over the centuries is reflected. Here is a complete set of ethnographic realities, ranging from tools and ending with outfits, and a comprehensive description of the geographical environment with its landscapes, climate, animals and flora; here are memories of bygone events and outstanding personalities, echoes of ancient religious views and a detailed picture of the modern organization of society.

In the article, he gave brief information about the development of science during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Mirzani, the son of Umarshaikh Mirza, the grandson of Amir Temur, and the work of scientists and scholars, such as the poet Haydar Khorazmi and Muiniddin Natanzi, who worked in his court.

In recent years, issues related to expressing human behavior, character, and appearance through idiomatic expressions containing animal names have been widely studied in the fields of linguoculturology, phraseology, and semantics. This topic reveals the similarities and differences between the mentality and culture of the Korean and Uzbek peoples. The analysis of the conceptual model of the human image through zoonymic expressions—idiomatic units that include animal names—has been insufficiently explored. Through this topic, it is possible to shed light on metaphorical thinking, semantic classification, and culturological parallelism.

This scientific article examines the lexical-semantic transformations of culture-specific items in Uzbek translations of contemporary British literature. Based on the Uzbek renditions of works by British authors written in the early 21st century, the study analyzes 200 culture-specific units to identify patterns of lexical, semantic, and grammatical shifts in translation. Theoretical frameworks by V.N.Komissarov, E.A.Nida, M.Baker, and L.Venuti underpin the analysis. Statistical findings reveal that semantic transformation is the most frequent type (47.5%), often resulting in the expansion, reduction, or distortion of meaning. Translators predominantly employ domestication strategies (37.5%), which enhance reader comprehension but risk eroding original cultural nuances. The article concludes with recommendations to improve translation quality, including the combined use of foreignization with explanatory notes, incorporation of footnotes, and enhancement of translators’ cultural sensitivity. The findings contribute new insights to translation studies and support the preservation of cultural context in Uzbek translations of contemporary literature.

This thesis is devoted to the study of the category of politeness in the Korean language as a system-forming phenomenon reflecting socio-cultural norms and communicative principles of Korean society. The research is aimed at analyzing the historical and socio-cultural prerequisites for the formation of the politeness system, its grammatical and lexical mechanisms, as well as functional characteristics in modern communicative situations. Special attention is paid to the multilevel structure of polite forms, their pragmatic application and role in interpersonal relationships. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the results obtained in teaching the Korean language, intercultural communication and translation studies.

This article analyzes the poetic commentary "Nazmi aqoid" on Abu Hafs Umar an-Nasafi's work "Aqoid an-Nasafiya". There are opinions among scholars that this Turkic poem belongs to Alisher Navoi. The article examines the views of foreign and local scholars on this topic. During the research process, it was determined that in one of the manuscript copies of the work, there is a verse indicating that the author is Alisher Navoi. This work, which could potentially be authored by Alisher Navoi, awaits its researchers.

This paper examines the features of expressing negation in the Korean, Russian, and Uzbek languages. Negation is one of the key grammatical categories that reflects the speaker’s attitude toward an action or a state. In Korean, negation is expressed in several ways: through the negative particles 안 (an) and 못 (mot), as well as by means of analytical constructions with the verbs 아니다 (anida) and 없다 (eopda). In Russian, the primary means of expressing negation is the prefix не-, while in Uzbek it is represented by the suffixes -ма, -мас, and the negative word йўқ (yo‘q). Special attention is given to the differences between simple and modal negation, their syntactic positions, and their pragmatic functions in speech. The paper also discusses the peculiarities of using negation in different speech styles — colloquial and written. The analysis reveals the specific features of the Korean system of negation and its distinctions from analogous structures in Russian and Uzbek.

This article analyzes the formation of the image of women in Korean and Uzbek literature, its socio-psychological essence, and its connection to national mentality. The authors focus on issues of freedom, self-awareness, and women's search for a place in society in literary processes of the second half of the 20th century and the early 21st century. The study found that in the literature of both nations, the image of women has become a symbol of personal exploration, spiritual experience, and social responsibility.

This article studies the category of idioms in the Korean language. The types of idioms in the Korean language and their uses are analyzed. The differences in the uses of idioms in the Korean language are shown.

This article analyzes the stages of formation of literary criticism and literary studies in Uzbek literature, as well as their role and significance in the development of artistic and aesthetic thought. The critical views in the works of classical writers such as Alisher Navoi and Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, as well as the literary-critical heritage of Fitrat, Abdulla Qodiriy, Cho‘lpon, Oybek, Abdulla Qahhor, and Ozod Sharafiddinov, are examined to reveal the essence and function of “ilm al-naqd” (the science of criticism). The article discusses the role of criticism in literature, its function in shaping the creative personality, and its importance in the development of national thought and spirituality.

This article analyzes the category of honorifics in the Korean language and its grammatical means of expression, as well as compares them with the ways of expressing respect in the Uzbek language. The study reveals that the honorific category in Korean verbs appears on three levels: subject honorifics (e.g., 가시다, 드시다), addressee honorifics (합니다체, 해요체), and third-person honorifics, with detailed linguistic examples. In contrast, the Uzbek language expresses respect not grammatically but through lexical (honorific words), syntactic (plural forms), and pragmatic (speech tone and politeness) devices. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the Korean language reflects social hierarchy through a structured grammatical system, whereas the Uzbek language conveys respect through cultural and communicative norms. The study highlights the interrelation between language and culture and the linguistic mechanisms that indicate social relationships in communication.

This article analyzes the thematic and artistic features of the works of Habib Sa’dulla, a representative of modern Uzbek poetry. The study highlights how the poet expresses themes such as mother, woman, love, homeland, beauty, and human emotions with high poetic mastery. The image of the mother is interpreted as a symbol of affection, devotion, and creativity. Moreover, Habib Sa’dulla’s lyrics explore the themes of woman and love through emotional subtlety, sincerity, and the reflection of the inner feelings of the human soul. The article also discusses the poet’s artistic style, system of imagery, and his skillful use of contrast, parallelism, symbols, and metaphors. The research examines the poet’s creative thinking in connection with the traditions of Uzbek literature.

Taking into account the multi-meaning of somatic words in Korean, the phraseological units formed from them are also multi-meaning and multi-functional. Korean phraseological units that are appropriate in content are not always interchangeable in translation.

In world linguistics, great importance is attached to the study of the figurative, artistic and aesthetic possibilities of language and their participation in examples of folk oral art. After all, by studying the language of works of folk oral art, which have been created and regularly refined over the centuries based on the life and living experiences of the people and in the desire to perceive the world, the opportunity to study the development of the national language is further expanded. Therefore, by determining, describing and classifying the scope of artistic means of expression in fairy tales and epics, special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the manifestation of the aesthetic and expressive aspects of the national language. The article discusses the poetic features of repetitions actively used in fairy tales and epics.

This article analyzes the artistic and aesthetic significance of the image of Samarkand in contemporary foreign and Uzbek literature. It is highlighted that Samarkand, as a center of ancient civilization, science, religion, and culture, has become an important symbol not only in Eastern but also in world literary thought. In the article, G.Lorch, J.Clodel, O.Pamuk, Ch.Aymatov the works of such foreign writers as Aitmatov, the philosophical symbolism of Samarkand and its place as a source of historical and cultural memory are analyzed. Also, in the works of Uzbek writers such as A.Kahhar, E.Vakhidov, O.Khoshimov, Kh.Dustmukhammad, the connection of the image of this city with national identity, spiritual awakening, and spiritual heritage is revealed. The study substantiates the significance of Samarkand as a unique spiritual phenomenon in the world cultural space by analyzing its image in modern artistic thinking.