information war, information space, disinformation, intelligence war, information security;

The path of democratic development of Uzbekistan, the introduction of a free civil society and modern models of political governance is closely connected with socio-political stability and the security environment in society. In this regard, the Concept of Public Security of the Republic of Uzbekistan, developed in order to create safe conditions in all our regions, completely eliminate threats to peace and tranquility, and an action plan for the development of the public security system in 2022-2025 are being implemented. These topical issues are analyzed in a scientific article

This article analyzes the issues of ensuring international energy security within the SCO, the promising directions of economic and energy cooperation between the SCO countries, the development trends of multilateral energy cooperation within the organization, the possibilities of implementing mutually beneficial energy projects, the characteristics of the development of renewable energy sources in the member states of the organization.

This article analyzes and discusses the topic of the role of youth in ensuring security in Central Asia.

In this article, the author analyzed the concept of a political party, its place in society, as well as the organization and dynamics of political parties in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.

Social relations between Central Asia and China have developed and today have entered their “golden age”. Swift steps to implement the Shanghai Cooperation Organization project, the One Belt, One Road and the Great Silk Road megaprojects, the development of economic and cultural cooperation, strengthening public diplomacy, cooperation in the field of tourism and sports, as well as the formation of a family despite the existing socio-cultural features act as a new process capable of determining the overall development strategy of the nations of the region. In this regard, analysis of the features of China's development during the reform period, state ideology, political culture and evolution, as well as the study of research by scientists from China and the CIS countries about China is one of the main tasks today.

The article uses methods of analysis and synthesis, historicity, systematization, structural and functional analysis.

The purpose of the article is to assess the role of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in modern Kyrgyz-Japanese relations. Programs and projects of the Japan International Cooperation Agency implement the objectives of Japan's foreign policy: promotion of democratic values, human rights, support for the development of market relations. By deepening partnerships with developing countries such as Kyrgyzstan and promoting international stability, Japan has provided Official Development Assistance to developing countries for more than half a century.

The article examines the modern water diplomacy of Uzbekistan. The main challenges facing Uzbekistan in the field of transboundary water use are studied. Current trends in water security in Central Asia are revealed in detail. Separately, they dwell on the powers of the SCO to solve problems of water use. The participation of Uzbekistan in the activities of the SCO and alternative ways to solve water problems in Central Asia are explored. The purpose of the article is to study and reveal the possibility of using the potential of the SCO in solving problems of transboundary water use in Central Asia. Based on the results of the study, the author developed forecasts regarding the development of water diplomacy in Uzbekistan.

Our region has always attracted foreign forces with its geographical location, socio-economic potential and material resources. For this reason, the world's leading powers are always trying to conquer and influence this country. Even today this trend has not lost its relevance. In general, relations between China and the region are entering a new stage of institutionalization. It can be noted that this stage takes place against the background of existing experience and values.

The countries of Central Asia are the focus of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. Currently, developed countries of the world such as Germany, France and England are implementing Projects 5+ with the countries of Central Asia. Economists predict that the Central Asian region could become one of the poles of major economic growth by 2050. An important role is played by the processes of urbanization in the Central Asian countries, as an important factor in the economic and social development of the region. In the article we tried to conduct a comparative analysis of the urbanization process of the Chinese city of Xinjiang and cities located in Central Asia. The main reason for taking Xinjiang Province and Central Asian cities as examples is their territorial border.

The article is devoted to scientific and educational contacts between Kyrgyzstan and Pakistan in the context of the scientific diplomacy of the official Islamabad in Bishkek. The definition of scientific diplomacy is given, and the results of a study by the Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the vision of the Pakistani expert community on the issues under study are presented. The general state of Pakistani-Kyrgyz relations in the field of scientific and educational cooperation is briefly described, emphasis is placed on the possibility of its further growth due to the activation of the existing trade and economic partnership and the development of the pharmaceutical industry in Kyrgyzstan with the assistance of the Pakistani side. In particular, the opening of the direct logistics route Kyrgyzstan-China-Pakistan, which is intended to become one of the catalysts for strengthening bilateral cooperation, was noted.

The current and potential impacts of global warming have generated widespread concerns about food security among all sectors of society. China’s food security has attracted global attention as the various drivers of its instability and uncertainty have intensified. This study developed a new framework for food security evaluation in China by analyzing its availability, distribution, utilization, vulnerability, sustainability, and regulation. The main obstacles initially entailed grain distribution but then spread to vulnerability- and sustainability-related issues. Moreover, Central Asian countries located deep in the interior of Asia with fragile ecological environments and lower agricultural technology are particularly more prone to severe threats from climate change.

The article examines the role and significance of the 4K model in teaching in primary school. The 4K model, which focuses on developing communication, critical thinking, creativity and collaboration, is recognized as key to preparing children for successful lives in the 21st century. The article analyzes the influence of the 4K model on the development of a child’s personality, increasing motivation to study, as well as on the formation of the necessary skills for successful adaptation to the modern world.

Due to Afghanistan's neighborhood with the SCO member states, the events here have a direct impact on the SCO's economic and political cooperation and its fight against terrorism in the region. In this regard, the SCO-Afghanistan contact group was officially established in 2005, and Afghanistan was accepted as an observer member of the SCO in 2012. The article discusses the arrival of the "Taliban" in Afghanistan in 2021 and what invitations have appeared for the members of the SCO. The article describes how these challenges will look like for China, Russia and Central Asian countries. In addition, the views of these countries on Afghanistan are explained on the example of economic projects.

The article examines current trends in multifaceted relations between Uzbekistan and the People's Republic of China. The role and importance of China in the development of the Central Asian region is also highlighted. The prospects for the development of political and economic relations between the two countries are revealed.

This article attempts to examine the place and significance of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the system of international organizations established after the collapse of the USSR in the Asian region. The main directions of international organizations' activities, including the SCO, are analyzed. The factors of the emergence of the new organization are shown. The authors of the article aim to show the potential of the Shanghai Organization in the functional dimension.  Given the growing interest of states in the so-called Shanghai process and the increasing number of member states, including observers and dialogue partners, it can be concluded that the SCO has all the resources to intensify its activities and diversify its priority areas.

the purpose of this study is to carry out an analysis of the role and importance of the organization of Turkic states in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan, the history of participation and the future prospects of the modern stage and make recommendations. The article discusses Uzbekistan's participation in the TSO, its theoretical foundations, modern aspects, high-level meetings of state leaders, the intended goals of meetings of representatives of the state government in a wide and narrow circle, as well as, the prospects expected from these contacts discussed and theoretical proposals developed.

This article examines the role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the modern system of international relations, issues of the organization's council, India and Pakistan becoming full members of the SCO, and prospective directions of cooperation between these countries. Issues related to the development of cooperation in the trade, energy, investment, transport, finance, and tourism sectors of the member states will be discussed. ndia and Pakistan having the status of equal members of the SCO will expand the organization's capabilities and serve to further increase the role of the organization as a multilateral mechanism for solving current problems in the international arena, ensuring safe and stable development in the region and the whole world. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is India's main tool for multilateral cooperation in Central Asia.

Indeed, to ensure security in the region, it is necessary to carefully work with the organization of cooperation between states. More relevant than ever is the practice of protecting and protecting radioactive, chemical and biological objects, which can be dangerous in situations where modern terrorism uses all measures that can lead to numerous casualties. Thus, it is known that the activities of the SCO should be carried out with measures necessary for prompt response and protection in the future.

The article examines some features of relations with international organizations, among various mechanisms of cooperation in the formation of the regional security complex system in Central Asia. In particular, the cooperation of the countries of the region with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and its role in the region are revealed. The member states of the organization are taking practical measures to ensure regional security together. The article shows the positive aspects of such cooperation for Central Asian countries.

In Central Asia, competent legal organizations dealing with environmental issues play a decisive role in researching environmental problems and developing mechanisms for solving them. Such main organizations include political environmental parties, ministries, centers, and international organizations such as the United Nations and the SCO, which act as political actors within the scope of their powers in the member states.

the article reveals the main factors of interconnectedness of Central and South Asia. An assessment is made of the dynamics of political-economic, historical-cultural and natural-geographical factors. The possibilities and prospects for strengthening the interconnectedness of the two regions against the backdrop of modern global changes have been studied.

The article analyzes the issue of forming a new scientific worldview facing the Social Sciences. Works on the formation and development of views of Eastern thinkers on society, Public Administration, Law, were scientifically studied by the author.

Attention is paid to the importance of such concepts as legal and social state, politics, democracy, legislation, Justice. Further research of the political and legal teachings of Eastern scholars from the point of view of jurisprudence has been recommended to use it extensively in the formation of a legal state, civil society.

This article analyzed and discussed the topic of interdependence between the regions of Central Asia and the Caspian region.

This article examines the increasing influence of the People's Republic of China on the economy and politics of Afghanistan. China is a global power, a participant in all major political and economic coalitions and organizations. The PRC is one of the most important partners not only for the USA and Russia, but a necessary “friend” for a huge number of countries in Africa, Central Asia and the Asia-Pacific region. What resources allow China to be called a world power?

Chinese PMCs are currently present in Pakistan, where they practically guard the Chinese seaport in Karachi. In Yemen, they ensure the safety of their cargo ships and tankers in the Gulf of Aden. Also, Chinese PMCs are located in Gorno-Badakhshan of Tajikistan and even have a joint base in Israel. Thus, it becomes clear that Beijing is no longer afraid to use forceful methods to cover its business interests in other countries. Until recently, this was the exclusive prerogative of the United States, Great Britain and other Western countries. The growth of Chinese influence in Afghanistan is not news to anyone, but not everyone knows that China has been present in Afghanistan for a long time, even at the time of its cautious policy, while the “yellow dragon” was still in deep hibernation, its paw was in Afghanistan. In this article we will try to consider and answer the question of why China needs Afghanistan and what plans it is pursuing there and what role the SCO plays in these plans.

The article analyzes the essence and advantages of the global value chain. The possibilities of the negative impact of GVCs on the labor market are considered, and models for the development of social partnership in resolving labor disputes in the context of the globalization of the world economy are analyzed. The article also substantiates the impact of GVCs on reducing the level of gender discrimination and the use of child labor in developing countries.

The relevance of the attached scientific material is due to the fact that the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has now become a promising platform on a regional scale, where dialogue can be carried out between member states to establish constructive cooperation with states and international organizations in order to respond to security challenges in a timely manner. In this regard, the activities of the SCO are of particular importance in light of the complex and difficult to predict internal political and military situation in Afghanistan as a result of the withdrawal of US and NATO troops from there, as well as the establishment of Taliban power in the country. It appears that the SCO has a certain political, economic and diplomatic potential, the use of which will help resolve the crisis situation not only in Afghanistan, but also neutralize challenges to security and stability in the regions of Central and South Asia.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the development prospects of the "Central Asia + Japan" Dialogue, which is considered the first of the most popular "Central Asia + 1" formats for establishing relations with the countries of Central Asia. Appropriate conclusions were drawn up using the speeches of state leaders and scientific works of political scientists. The "Central Asia+Japan" format can be considered as a mechanism for expanding Japan's cooperation with the countries of the region, rather than a substitute for bilateral cooperation.

China's cultural and political ideologies are based on the idea of loyalty to historical heritage and traditions, and it is necessary to promote nationalism and identity while preserving ideological and humanitarian principles from the influence of globalization.

For thousands of years, the Chinese nation has experienced periods of rejecting social traditions and modernity and accepting them as a necessary condition for the development of the nation, and since the beginning of the 21st century, the national path of development has been revived and the national ideology of the value system has become popular, which has led to various joint successes with neighboring countries in the region and launched the "One Place, One Way" initiative to realize the idea of development based on the principle of sharing. The “One Space, One Road” initiative was put forward by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013 and has become one of the main goals for the implementation of bilateral relations in the region of Central, South and Southeast Asia.

Trends in the development of mutual political-diplomatic, trade-economic, cultural-humanitarian relations in the countries of the Central and South Asian regions in the conditions of changing international relations. The study of conditions affecting mutual cooperation from the point of view of the concept. interdependence of factors.

To achieve this goal in the changing conditions of international relations, it is necessary to identify the causes, problems and models of interdependence development, factors that meet the interests of the countries of Central and South Asia, strengthen and expand their relations. With the countries of the region, as well as to improve the ways and mechanisms of peaceful foreign policy and recommendations for this scenario are developed. Practical recommendations have also been developed to identify, analyze and implement opportunities for the widespread implementation of sustainable political-diplomatic, trade-economic, transport and communication relations, development and widespread implementation of innovations, which are an important factor in the strategic development of the region.

A study was conducted of negative and positive factors, problems and recommendations affecting the quality of an important link in the realization of regional communication of Central and South Asia of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan has been carried out. Determination of conditions influencing the development scenario of the new order and formulation of proposals for international relations in Central and South Asia.

: This article examines the revival and significance of the Silk Road Economic Belt, in particular the development of trade and communication routes, the integration of the national transport system into the system of international transport corridors in the countries where the Great Silk Road passed, as well as the attraction of transit cargo, including the development of pipelines for transporting oil and natural gas.

This research investigates the intricate processes of human resource development within the public service sector, with a specific focus on higher education institutions in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of human resource development practices in the context of shaping professionals for public service roles. By employing a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data, the research delves into the policies, programs, and challenges that characterize human resource development within Uzbekistan's higher education landscape.

The literature review establishes a foundation by examining existing research on human resource development in public service, emphasizing the unique challenges and opportunities within the Central Asian region. Drawing attention to gaps in the current knowledge base, this study positions itself as a valuable contribution to the ongoing discourse on human capital development in Uzbekistan.

The methodology section outlines the research design, sampling strategy, and data collection methods, justifying their suitability for the study. Through in-depth interviews, surveys, and document analysis, the research gathers insights from key stakeholders, including administrators, educators, and students, to provide a nuanced perspective on the dynamics of human resource development.

The findings reveal a multifaceted landscape of human resource development in higher education, uncovering both successful initiatives and persistent challenges. The study explores the impact of policies and programs on the quality of professionals entering public service roles, offering a critical analysis of their effectiveness. Furthermore, the research engages in a comparative analysis, drawing parallels with global best practices to derive lessons applicable to the Uzbekistani context.

In conclusion, this article synthesizes key findings, emphasizing the critical role of higher education institutions in shaping a skilled and competent public service workforce. The recommendations provided offer actionable insights for policymakers and educators, aiming to enhance the effectiveness of human resource development practices. The study's implications extend beyond the borders of Uzbekistan, contributing to the broader discourse on public administration and human capital development in transitional economies.

In recent years, the countries of Cooperation of the Arab States of the Persian Gulf (GCC) have begun to implement a number of reforms and initiatives aimed at immediately solving problems in their innovation systems. These challenges include, above all, the development of human capital and the promotion of research and development (R&D). These countries are also developing traditional industries (such as oil and gas, petrochemicals, basic industries, water desalination) and emerging ones (including aerospace, healthcare, energy based on the use of renewable energy sources). In this regard, the GCC has made significant progress in a relatively short time. In general, the article provides an insight into innovation policy and its potential impact on global innovation and economic growth.

The article is devoted to the study of the status of the adverb as a special part of speech in modern pashto. Adverbs include indeclinable, inconjugate and inconsistent words that are adjacent to a verb, adjectives and derivatives from them (for example, the same adverbs) and act in the syntactic function of a qualitative definition or adverbial relation. Regarding the semantic features of the circumstance of the manner of action, it is worth noting that it is always an adverb in a sentence. It is argued that they are correlative with nouns, adjectives, verbs, pronouns and numerals. The categorical semantics of an adverb is the ability to express a sign of an action or a sign of a property

In the Pashto language, adverbs are semantically divided into the following groups: place, method and mode of action, measure and degree, purpose, time.

The Central Asian region is located in a unique geographical area on the Asian continent. One of its aspects is the limited access of the countries of this region to international sea routes, and its location at the crossroads of international transit routes determines the economic, political and strategic importance of the region. For this purpose, an attempt was made to clarify the common and different aspects of the countries of the region.  In particular, an attempt was made to reveal the unique geographical features of the life, economic development and location of the peoples living in this area. Central Asian countries from the point of view of the classification of world countries adopted by the UN. belongs to the category of countries in transition economy. Based on their development in a single political and economic space until the recent past, their economy mainly relies on mineral raw materials and land and water resources. The article focuses on these aspects.

The article examines the key aspects of scientific and educational cooperation of the Kyrgyz Republic with other member states of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The author identifies a number of factors that contribute to the development of bilateral interaction in the educational sphere with each of the SCO member countries. Cooperation between Kyrgyzstan and Russia develops due to the long experience of being in the same state, as well as the absence of a language barriers. China and Iran are actively using a “soft power” policy, which consists of creating conditions for studying Chinese and Persian languages, supporting projects in the cultural sphere, and developing academic mobility programs. Cooperation between Kyrgyzstan and neighboring countries, primarily Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, also seems very promising, given the common historical heritage, cultural and linguistic proximity and the development of bilateral relations in various fields. Finally, the development of scientific and educational cooperation with the states of South Asia is carried out in various directions. An important factor here is the demand for Kyrgyz education among citizens of India and Pakistan, which is confirmed by official statistics. Thus, the author positively assesses the prospects for the development of scientific and educational cooperation between Kyrgyzstan and the SCO countries, since all member states of the association are interested in this.

The purpose of the article is to characterize the convenient geopolitical and advantageous geostrategic position of Central Asia. To explain that the economic development of Asia in general, and South Asia in particular, causes a significant increase in energy consumption. And Central Asia has one of the largest reserves of oil and natural gas. As a result, Central and South Asia are complementary players in the energy market. The potential of the South Asian market for the Central Asian states is huge.

In the last decade of cooperation, the elites of both regions have realized the enormous possibilities of interaction in the field of energy supplies, trade, science, and education. After all, Central Asia and South Asia have a thousand-year history of interpenetration of economies and cultures. The factors hindering the implementation of energy projects are indicated.

Market risks, price and tariff risks, etc. are identified. It is noted that Delhi traditionally measures its capabilities with Beijing, in conditions of fierce regional competition.

Delhi is not in a position to change the balance of power in the region. It is considered that the Kyrgyz Republic has been working on access to the Indian Ocean in recent years. The Karachi–Kashgar–Bishkek transport corridor has been switched to year-round operation. It is analyzed the great importance for the Central Asian states of solving water and energy problems.

Recommendations are given for solving this global problem for the Central Asian states in the XXI century

 Namely, the transfer of the flow of the northern Russian Federation into the Aral Sea!