This article provides information about the concept of integration, which is widely used in linguistics today, and the concepts of integrative methods, which are relevant in linguocognitive research. Theoretical views related to the phenomenon in Uzbek and Russian linguistics and their analysis are presented. It is explained that the concept of integrative method in linguocognitive research reflects the flexibility of the concept, the diffusion of methods is due to the nature of the language units selected for study, and the composition of the method consists of general philosophical and special methods. As an example, a one-sided analysis of the word fox, which refers to human character in a figurative sense, is given.

The article examines the structural features of paremiological units in the Russian and Karakalpak languages. It analyzes their syntactic patterns, semantic content, and pragmatic functions. Special attention is paid to the comparison of fixed formulas, the identification of common and nationally specific characteristics. The study emphasizes the importance of paremiological units as carriers of cultural codes and reflections of the worldview of peoples.

This paper analyzes phraseological units that describe physical, emotional, and mental characteristics through figurative and cultural shaped meanings. The study reveals that English phraseological units often use natural and animal imagery, while Uzbek language are based on moral and natural symbols. Both languages include idioms to express evaluation and emotion, showing that phraseological units are a mirror of cultural identity and worldview.                          

The landscape of higher education (HE) is undergoing a significant transformation globally, shifting from traditional, lecture-based paradigms to learner-centered approaches that prioritize autonomy, active engagement, and critical thinking. This transition is underpinned by a growing consensus among educators that student-centered classrooms foster more effective learning environments. In Uzbekistan, this shift is particularly pronounced as the higher education system navigates a complex landscape of globalization and quality enhancement. Government initiatives, such as the introduction of the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), reflect a commitment to developing a flexible, outcome-based education system. However, the implementation of these reforms faces substantial challenges, including entrenched teacher-centered practices, insufficient digital infrastructure, and a lack of innovative assessment methods. Research indicates a critical need for educators to adapt their methodologies to cultivate independent, autonomous learners. This article aims to synthesize international research and domestic reforms in Uzbekistan, identifying barriers to the learner-centered approach and proposing strategies for effective implementation. Through a qualitative analysis of existing literature and policy frameworks, this study seeks to illuminate the multifaceted obstacles and opportunities that characterize the ongoing reform efforts in Uzbekistan’s higher education landscape.

This article explores conversational implicature as a key mechanism of implicit meaning in literary discourse and translation. It examines how indirectness, understatement, and contextual inference shape interpretation, revealing the interaction between linguistic form, cultural context, and reader perception. The study also discusses challenges of preserving pragmatic equivalence when transferring implied meanings across languages.

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the linguistic, historical and technological aspects of the Korean language. Firstly, it highlights the role of language in social life, syntactic structure and agglutinative properties, and also examines existing scientific theories about the possible genetic connection of the Korean language with the Altaic language family. Regional differences in Korean pronunciation and the question of a standard language are also discussed. The article analyzes grammar technologies, interactive learning platforms, automated translation systems, and game applications that facilitate the process of learning Korean. The article also proposes a step-by-step approach to creating a content system for teaching Korean. The conclusion highlights the regional and global significance of the Korean language and the growing interest in learning it.

The article examines the lexemes “soul”, “heart“ within the framework of the linguistic worldview from a linguocultural perspective. The research focuses on their semantic scope, conceptual load, and cultural-pragmatic functions through comparative analysis. Particular attention is given to how these notions are represented in national mentality, cognitive perception, and discourse in Uzbek and English.

The article investigates the social and philosophical meanings of nature in Khurshid Davron’s poetry. Through the analysis of works such as “Qadrdon Quyosh”, “Shahardaghi Olma Daraxti”, and “Tungi Bog‘lar”, the research highlights how the poet represents nature as a reflection of human morality and social harmony. Symbols like trees, wind, sunlight, and mint serve as metaphors for conscience, purity, and renewal. Khurshid Davron’s ecological and spiritual imagery reveals his belief in the unity of man and nature as the foundation of moral balance. To interpret the harmony between nature and human as a philosophical model of social unity. Davron transforms natural imagery into a moral system, linking ecological awareness with humanistic values.

This article analyzes the role of synonyms in translation and the criteria for their selection. In the translation process, synonyms serve as an important tool for ensuring the naturalness, semantic accuracy, and stylistic consistency of the text. The article discusses the linguistic features of synonyms and their selection based on context, style, and cultural differences. It also addresses common errors in synonym selection and ways to avoid them.

The article discusses the derivational distinction of proper nouns (onomastic units) from the appellative lexicon, their specific features, the conversion (lexical-semantic) method of word formation and formation within the appellative lexicon and the scientific interpretation of this method, onomastic conversion and its differences from the simple conversion method, the formation of toponyms in the Uzbek language by the conversion method, and the toponymization (toponymization) of appellatives based on evidence.

This article is devoted to the study of the work of Normurod Norqobilov, the author of such collections of short stories and short stories as “Blue Lake”, “Forgotten Song”, “Face to Face”, “Yellow Flower”, “Pakhmoq”, “Arazchi Sparrow”, “White House at the Station”, “Aul oralagan Wo‘ri”, “A Stormy Day”, “Lonely Man in the Mountain”, “Black Wo‘ri”, “A Man in the Outback” and novels such as “Dashtu Dalarda”, “Qaraquyun” by literary critics. As a result, the article presents the opinions of researchers who conducted separate studies on the writer’s work in a sequential manner.

The article analyzes the semantic dynamics of pedagogical terms based on a linguopragmatic approach, their expansion in the sociolinguistic context, speech-functional adaptation, and discursive transformation. The phenomenon of “pedagogical language contact” is explained through the interaction of language units, semantic shifts, and connotative changes in teacher and student speech, methodological texts, and scientific-pedagogical literature. The research results show that pedagogical terms are formed in the social environment under the influence of speech practice, social needs, and cultural transformation, and this process is directly related to linguopragmatic motivation and communicative necessity. A comparative analysis of pedagogical discourse in English and Uzbek reveals the semantic symmetry, equivalence level, pragmatic adaptation, and mechanisms of adaptation to the national education system of terms. The article’s findings emphasize the necessity of approaching pedagogical terminology from the perspectives of intercultural communication, translation, and sociopragmatic integration. This approach opens the way to study pedagogical discourse not only as a system of linguistic units but also as a field of social, cognitive, and cultural activity.

The article analyzes the structural composition of Uzbek dialectal vocabulary and its usage in various dialects and literary works. Different approaches of dialectologists and the examples they provided are examined. The presented information is based on the theoretical foundations of Uzbek dialectology.

This article is devoted to the Gothic novel (Gothic story), a fantastic genre that moves and enhances human emotions through the depiction of scary, fantastic, fantastical events. In order to develop a more strictly differentiated understanding of this genre, the topic was studied in detail, realizing that one of the main goals is to oppose the lack of clarity of genre descriptions in the literary terminology of the Gothic novel. It also helps to understand the origin and cultural-historical significance of the Gothic novel as a famous border phenomenon between the Enlightenment and modernity. In addition, the elements of the Gothic novel and the methods of introducing them into literature were specially discussed.  American scholar Noel Cornell emphasizes the need to use certain techniques in the Gothic genre to create various effects. Taking this into account, the Gothic elements that create fear and their functions in the work are described.     In Gothic literature, the places chosen as settings, natural phenomena, another element that is of great importance in creating and strengthening the feeling of fear, the element of blood, which represents vitality and life, and dreams, which are considered the main contributors to ensuring the stability of fear, are the main components, and their scope of influence is explained using the example of works.                         

This article examines one of the key issues of modern linguistics — the study and interpretation of the phenomenon of lexical presupposition. The paper analyzes the theoretical foundations of this phenomenon, its semantic and pragmatic characteristics, and the diverse approaches adopted in both Uzbek and international linguistic research. The author explores the specific features of lexical presupposition, its dependence on context, and its influence on word meaning and speech situations. Special attention is given to the analysis of conflicting viewpoints and the challenges of defining and delimiting the concept. The study also connects lexical presupposition to current trends in semantics and pragmalinguistics, offering well-grounded theoretical insights and practical conclusions regarding its function and application in the Uzbek language.

In the novel “Starry Nights”, Pirimqul Qodirov pays special attention to the existing socio-political conditions and circumstances in depicting the images of Babur Mirzo and other historical figures, striving to remain faithful to historical facts. However, in reinterpreting certain historical events through artistic perception, he takes into account both objective and subjective factors while preserving the essence of those events. This article discusses such interpretive issues within the artistic reflection of history.

This article examines linguistic changes occurring in modern society, with an emphasis on their trends, causes, and consequences. The relevance of the research is driven by the rapid pace of globalization, technological development, and changes in social structures, which have a significant impact on language. The main objectives of the work are to identify the factors contributing to linguistic changes, as well as to analyze their impact on intercultural communication and identity. Furthermore, the study reveals how social media, migration, and cultural transformations contribute to the emergence of new linguistic norms and forms.            

Drawing on J. Searle’s speech act theory in the Austinian tradition, this article argues that language use is never value-neutral: locutionary content, illocutionary force, and perlocutionary effect are each saturated with cultural values, ethical commitments, and social relations. Using a conceptual-analytic approach and an illustrative English mini-corpus, we operationalize “axiological load” across these three layers of linguistic practice. We propose a coding scheme for value-laden vocabulary, the conventional commitments associated with illocutionary types (assertives, directives, commissives, expressives, declarations), and socially consequential perlocutionary outcomes. Findings show that: (i) the locutionary layer transmits values through lexical appraisal, framing, and implicature; (ii) illocutionary acts embody rules that generate obligations, rights, or moral norms; and (iii) perlocutionary effects realize or contest norms in interaction. We integrate the analyses into a three-layer model linking semantic choices to normative force and social impact, and we outline theoretical and practical implications for axiolinguistics, discourse analysis, cross-cultural pragmatics, and translation.

This article presents a structural and comparative analysis of terms related to ChatGPT used in English and Uzbek languages. The morphological, syntactic, and semantic features of the terms are examined, and translation difficulties are analyzed. The adaptation of technical terms from English to Uzbek and the challenges arising in creating new terminology are discussed. The findings highlight the necessity of developing and standardizing technological terminology in the Uzbek language.

This article presents a scientific approach to the formal (algorithmic) modeling of the phonetic system of the Uzbek language. The study is based on the system of distinctive features, which enables the structural and functional classification of phonemes. The paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of phonemes are identified and formalized through a distinctive-feature matrix. The minimal differentiating properties of phonemes are algorithmically represented within a set of formal rules. At the experimental stage, the acoustic parameters of phonemes (frequency, amplitude, formants) were analyzed instrumentally, and their phonological values were specified. The results of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of phonological processes, the digitization of the phonetic system, and the expansion of applications in speech-processing technologies. The proposed methodology provides both theoretical and practical foundations for integrating the phonological model of the Uzbek language with universal phonetic-phonological frameworks and for its implementation in linguistic technologies.

Modern trends in teaching the Russian language in non-linguistic universities of Uzbekistan are associated with the need to develop students' communicative competence in a bilingual environment. The article analyzes approaches, methods, and challenges that arise during the learning process, as well as the role of innovative strategies in improving the effectiveness of the educational process.

This article explores the artistic imagery in the short stories of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky. It examines the role of lyricism, symbolic details, and landscape descriptions in shaping the poetic structure of narrative. In Paustovsky’s prose, imagery transcends the limits of realistic detail, functioning as an aesthetic phenomenon that conveys inner emotions, philosophical reflections, and moral attitudes of the characters. Using comparative literary approaches, the study highlights the typological connections of Paustovsky’s imagery with Eastern lyricism and Western modernist prose.

This article provides information about the biography of Hasanmurod Laffasiy, one of the prominent representatives of the Khiva literary environment, as well as about his works as a poet and his poetic style. In addition, the genres in which he created are studied and corresponding conclusions are drawn.                          

This article presents a comparative-typological analysis of synonymic series of relative adjectives in Uzbek and Russian. The study examines the formation of synonymic units, their semantic components, and their functional usage. It was found that in Uzbek and Russian, synonymic series of relative adjectives are generally based on one or two semantic components. The expansion of synonymic series and their enrichment with new semantic shades are shown to enhance the expressive potential of the language system. The findings highlight the theoretical and practical significance of studying synonymic relations of relative adjectives.

In this article, the connection between metaphor and culture is researched. The reflection of cultural values and worldviews in the metaphors of English and Uzbek languages is studied. In the social context, this article shows the differences and similarities between metaphor and culture within examples, and highlighting innovative ideas about the role of cognitive mechanisms. The results show that the metaphors in English and Uzbek languages can appear on the uniqueness of each culture, and their differences help to understand human experience. Overall, the article serves to enhance intercultural communication as well as understanding, and emphasizes the need for further research in this field in the future.

Terminology as a special field of knowledge is attracting increasing attention from researchers. This is explained by the international nature of modern scientific knowledge. The concepts of “term” and “terminology” have numerous definitions, and the ones they propose deserve special attention. In recent years, in the field of terminology, works of Uzbek linguists devoted to many aspects of the formation of terminology in one or another branch of knowledge are worth to pay attention. 

Gender differences in emotion recognition may be related to women’s greater sensitivity to subtle cues in facial expressions. The aim of this study was to analyze gender differences in the evaluation of changes in emotional intensity of happy and sad facial expressions. The results are discussed within the framework of social role theory, and their significance is analyzed in the complex social context of human interaction.

This article discusses the concept of genderology, the meaning in the modern linguistic paradigm. Issues related to the development of a methodology for the linguistic study of gender, explanations of the many concepts of the concept of "gender", studies related to the current state of gender relations are covered.It should  be noted that today there are few actual gender studies that study both sexes, or rather, the process of social construction of differences between the sexes, the gender specificity of speech, the representation of male and female language. The insertion of a gender parameter in linguistic research will definitely expand the understanding of language as a means of constructing the social world. Gender stereotypes have planes of existence, such as defining a sociological essence, which is associated with the general problem of a person's belonging to a certain gender, as well as a cognitive phenomenon, associated with mental representations and stereotyping mechanisms. Linguistics has the necessary set of methods and techniques that allow the study of the manifestation of gender in language and speech, marking the combined efforts and the formation of a new direction in linguistic science, like genderology.

In the linguistic analysis of the world, it is important to study a person’s perception of the external world and its reflection in language. The role of associative thinking in the linguistic representation of the world, the associative connection of language units, their grouping according to these connections, and their role in forming sentences or texts demonstrate the significance of the associative approach. This article analyzes the main achievements, interactions, and collaborative possibilities of associative linguistics—a modern linguistic direction that conducts research within an anthropocentric approach. Additionally, it examines perspectives on associative linguistics and considers the interpretation of terms such as associative field and associative meaning.

This article deals with the notion of style as a vehicle for expressing national identity, with particular attention to the interplay between aesthetic forms, spiritual practices, and broader cultural contexts. The analysis situates stylistic features not only as literary or artistic choices but also as manifestations of a nation’s collective memory, values, and worldview. By focusing on the nexus of “godly practice” and cultural identity, the study highlights how religious and ethical frameworks permeate stylistic strategies in literature and art, shaping both thematic orientation and expressive means. The discussion emphasizes the dual role of style: on the one hand, as a marker of continuity with national traditions, and on the other, as an adaptive mechanism in response to modernization and global cultural flows. Ultimately, the article argues that stylistic expression functions as a symbolic arena where questions of belonging, spirituality, and cultural resilience converge, thus reaffirming style’s central role in the preservation and transformation of national identity.

The article analyzes the social aspects of gender, as well as its historical, cultural, and linguistic features. It examines the development of gender studies in various countries, the spread of social gender categories, and gender relations in political, economic, private, and cultural spheres. The social roles characteristic of women and men, their formation, and their influence on society are also considered. The research results show that gender sociolinguistic features can be applied in various areas of social life.

This thesis is dedicated to the Sufi spirituality in Sufism. It analyzes the main characteristics of a Sufi, including divine love, asceticism, piety, contentment, humility, and annihilation (fana). It also examines the various states (huzn, shavq, haybat, uns, wajd) that a Sufi experiences in their spiritual journey. The aim of the article is to show the importance of the Sufi spirit in Sufism and to reveal the content of this concept.

This article discusses the issues of studying euphemisms in world linguistics and their historical development stages. It also addresses the description and classification of euphemisms.

This research explores the works of Kazuo Ishiguro from a linguopoetic perspective. While existing scholarship has mainly examined themes of memory, identity, silence, and humanity in Ishiguro’s fiction through thematic and psychological approaches, the linguistic foundations of these phenomena have not been sufficiently addressed. The study analyzes the lexical, syntactic, and discourse-level representations of memory and silence in Ishiguro’s novels, revealing their aesthetic and artistic functions. This approach contributes to a deeper understanding of Ishiguro’s artistic language architecture and broadens the interpretive scope of poetic possibilities in contemporary English prose.

This work focuses on the theoretical and methodological foundations of conceptual markers through the lens of Western scholarly approaches, specifically Cognitive Poetics and Concept Theory. The study analyzes how Concept Theory (including conceptual metaphor, metonymy, and frames) provides the basic framework for identifying and describing mental structures. It is demonstrated that Cognitive Poetics utilizes these conceptual markers as keys for interpreting literary texts, reconstructing the author's conceptual sphere, and examining cognitive mechanisms of perception (such as conceptual blending and foregrounding).

This article analyzes the modern philosophical and symbolic interpretations of the concept of globalization. The study highlights the socio-philosophical essence of globalization and its role in the processes of culture, consciousness, and technological progress. The author evaluates globalization as a general paradigm of human thought and examines its influence on cultural integration, information exchange, and the formation of global consciousness. The article demonstrates the ideological expression, philosophical meaning, and aesthetic reflection of globalization in modern culture through the system of symbols. The research results confirm that the symbolic expression of globalization in contemporary philosophical thought serves as an important theoretical basis for understanding the interconnectedness of humanity and the principles of common spiritual development.

The article analyzes modern trends in media content creation and the role of artificial intelligence technologies in this process. In the 21st century, the development of digital communications has fundamentally transformed the production and distribution of information, leading to the emergence of new formats, automated editing systems, and intelligent recommendation mechanisms in the media sphere. The study highlights the possibilities of artificial intelligence in content creation, editing, and the generation of visual and audio materials, as well as its effectiveness in improving information quality. Ethical, legal, and technical aspects of using artificial intelligence in media are also examined. Special attention is paid to the importance of maintaining a balance between the human factor and algorithmic management in the modern media environment.     

This article analyzes the main problems encountered in translation between English and Uzbek languages, their causes, and possible solutions. Linguistic, cultural, lexical, syntactic, and stylistic difficulties are examined through examples. The importance of the translator’s intercultural and linguistic competence is emphasized.

Gender linguistics is one of the most relevant and interesting fields of linguistics, which studies the relationship between language and gender. The main subject of gender linguistics is the analysis of gender aspects of language, the identification of gender stereotypes, and the study of the influence of language on social issues related to gender inequalities. In this work, we will consider the main concepts and theoretical approaches in gender linguistics, gender aspects of language, gender stereotypes in language, and the connection of gender linguistics with social problems.

This article analyzes the phenomenon of linguistic anthropomorphism from the perspective of the interrelation between human thought and language. By attributing human qualities to inanimate objects and phenomena in language, a person better understands their world, making it more comprehensible and vivid. Using examples from the Uzbek language, the poetic, cultural, and modern forms of anthropomorphism are examined, highlighting both the universality and the national features of this phenomenon.

This article analyzes the role of Anglicisms in media discourse and their semantic adaptation using examples from the German and Uzbek languages. As a result of globalization and the intensification of internet communication, th e rapid spread of lexical units borrowed from English into other languages has been observed. Particularly in media texts, Anglicisms quickly become widespread and undergo various semantic transformations.

Based on a corpus of Anglicisms used in Uzbek and German online media, the study comparatively examines their semantic adaptation. The findings show that in German, Anglicisms are often used in their original form, whereas in Uzbek, they are phonetically and orthographically adapted, accompanied by processes such as semantic narrowing or broadening.

This article presents an areal analysis of ethnonyms-derived toponyms (ethnotoponyms) in the modern Uzbek language. During the research, the tribal and clan names mentioned in “Shajarayi turk” were examined in terms of their preservation as toponyms within the territory of present-day Uzbekistan, particularly in the Samarkand, Jizzakh, Surkhandarya, and Kashkadarya regions. The article scientifically highlights the role of historical-ethnic processes, migration, cultural interactions, and geographical factors in the formation of ethnotoponyms. Based on the areal linguistic approach, the territorial distribution, historical layers, and semantic changes of ethnonyms were identified. The results of the study serve as an important scientific source for a deeper understanding of the ethnic composition, ethnogenesis, and the formation of the toponymic system of the Uzbek people.

This article analyzes the role of musical terms in expressing the linguistic landscape of the world, the factors underlying its formation, using the example of uzbek musical terms.                 

In recent decades, the works of John Ronald Reuel Tolkien have had a profound impact on global literary culture, fostering increased interest in the fantasy genre and the exploration of the mythological roots of his creations. This article presents a comparative-typological analysis of mythological paradigms and cultural archetypes in Tolkien’s works, focusing primarily on the epic The Lord of the Rings. Various contemporary approaches to the concept of myth are discussed, along with the role of mythological motifs in shaping cultural and linguistic identities, exemplified by English and Uzbek languages. The importance of myth as a foundational model for understanding the world and as a creative process involving authorial reinterpretation of mythological narratives is emphasized.

This scientific article analyzes the specific reception and poetic reconstruction of Eastern culture in the work of Velimir Khlebnikov, a key figure of the Russian avant-garde. Unlike others, he did not attempt to describe the East accurately and realistically. Instead, Khlebnikov actively invented his own, imaginary East through experiments with language and the creation of new myths. This fictional East was part of his grand idea—to change and transform the world through the power of the word. For Khlebnikov, language was the primary tool for creating a new mythology and erasing the boundaries between countries and cultures.

Nowadays, extensive scientific research is being carried out in the field of sentiment analysis within global linguistics. There are several types of sentiment analysis, among which aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is gaining popularity. Unlike other types of sentiment analysis, ABSA provides a separate emotional evaluation for each aspect in a text. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the scientific studies conducted on sentiment analysis in the Uzbek language. Sentiment analysis is one of the key areas of natural language processing and serves to detect positive, negative, or neutral sentiments in texts. The article reviews the current research on sentiment analysis in Uzbek, the main methodologies used for SA, including lexicon-based approaches, machine learning algorithms, and deep learning technologies. Additionally, the current state of research, existing challenges, and future prospects are analyzed. This study lays a theoretical and practical foundation for the development of scientific work in the field of sentiment analysis in the Uzbek language, the implementation of modern technologies, and more effective analysis of texts in our language.